A Spanish port city on the Mediterranean coast in northeastern Morocco in North Africa. It is located at the base of the Trois Fourchers Pointe and is administratively an exclave of the province of Málaga. It has an area of 14 square kilometers and a population of 66,411 (2001), 90% of which are Spanish. It has a commercial port, which is a free port, and a fishing port, which is an important fishing base in the Mediterranean. It is also known as a shipping port for iron and lead ores extracted from the Querata mines in the eastern Rif Mountains behind it. Industries include building materials, food processing, and ship repair. Founded by the Phoenicians and called Lusadir, this old city was occupied and colonized by Carthage and Rome in succession. It was conquered by Muslims in the early 8th century, and in the Middle Ages it was an outer port for inland cities such as Fez. At the end of the 15th century, Spain and Portugal expelled Islamic forces from the Iberian Peninsula, and took over ports in the Maghreb region, but Melilla became Spanish territory in 1497. After the 16th century, it was recaptured by Morocco several times, but finally became Spanish territory in 1926, and became part of the mainland in 1939. Even after Morocco regained sovereignty over the northeastern part of Morocco, which was divided by Spain in 1912, Melilla, along with Ceuta and other cities, has remained as Spanish territory to this day. The city is divided into the Arab-style old town called Medina and the Spanish-style new town. The old town occupies a high place and has a 16th century wall. The new town is located southwest of it and spreads out along the coast. [Hiroshi Fujii] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ、モロッコ北東部、地中海岸にあるスペイン領の港湾都市。トロワフルシェ岬の基部に位置し、行政的には本国マラガ州の飛び地である。面積14平方キロメートル。人口6万6411(2001)のうち、スペイン人が90%を占める。自由港である商港と、地中海の重要な漁業基地である漁港をもつ。また背後のリーフ山脈東部にあるケラタ鉱山で採掘される鉄鉱石や鉛鉱石の積出し港としても知られる。工業は建材、食品加工、船舶修理などがある。 フェニキア人が建設し、ルサディールとよばれた古い都市で、カルタゴ、ローマが相次いで占領し植民地とした。8世紀初めにイスラム教徒が征服し、中世にはフェズなど内陸都市の外港であった。15世紀末スペイン、ポルトガルはイベリア半島からイスラム勢力を駆逐し、余勢を駆ってマグレブ諸地方の港を占領したが、メリリャは1497年にスペイン領となった。16世紀以後、何回かモロッコに奪回されたが、1926年最終的にスペイン領となり39年本国の一部となった。1912年にスペインに分割されたモロッコ北東部の主権を1956年モロッコが回復してからも、メリリャはセウタなどとともにスペイン領として残り現在に至っている。市街はメディナとよばれるアラブ風の旧市街と、スペイン風の新市街とに分かれる。旧市街は高所を占め16世紀の城壁を備えている。新市街はその南西にあり海岸にかけて広がっている。 [藤井宏志] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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