Bengali - Bengalgo (English spelling) Bengali

Japanese: ベンガル語 - べんがるご(英語表記)Bengali
Bengali - Bengalgo (English spelling) Bengali

It is one of the Aryan languages ​​belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family, and forms part of the eastern group along with Assamese and Orian. It is currently the national language of Bangladesh, and is also the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal, Manipur, and Tripura, with a population of approximately 150 million speakers. Bengali has two forms, literary and colloquial, and the everyday conversational style of Bengali middle-class families residing in Kolkata (Calcutta) is considered the standard literary style, while the style of writing in the works of Rabendranath Tagore, the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (1913), is considered the standard literary style.

Bengali belongs to the Brahmi script, like other Indian languages, and is a syllabary in which each character represents a vowel or a combination of a consonant (or groups) and a vowel. Looking at the history of the development of Bengali, the Magadhi Apabhransha language was first established as early Bengali in the mid-8th century while being influenced by the Abahatta language, and then it passed through the process of Middle Bengali growing from the 13th to the 18th centuries, and took on the form of modern Bengali after the 19th century. During the formative period, it was influenced by Munda and Dravidian languages, and in the process of growth, it borrowed many vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, Portuguese, English, etc. The oldest surviving Bengali document is the religious poem "Charya Gita" from the mid-10th century, and all early and middle documents were written in verse, with prose first appearing in the late 17th century.

[Takeshi Nara]

“SK ChatterjiThe Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, 3 vols. (1970, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London)”

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インド・ヨーロッパ語族インド・イラン語派に属するアーリア諸語の一つで、アッサム語、オリア語などとともに東部語群を形成する。現在バングラデシュの国語となっており、インド西ベンガル州、マニプル州、トリプラ州等の公用語でもあり、約1億5000万人の使用人口をもつ。ベンガル語には文語形と口語形の二形式があるが、コルカタ(カルカッタ)市に定住するベンガル人中流家庭の日常会話体が口語形式の、またアジア人最初のノーベル文学賞受賞者であるラベンドラナート・タゴール(1913年受賞)の作品の文章体が文語形式の標準形と考えられている。

 ベンガル文字は、他のインド諸言語の文字と同様ブラーフミー文字の系統に属し、一字が一母音、ないし子音(群)と母音の結合を表す音節文字である。ベンガル語発達の歴史をみると、まずマーガディー・アパブランシャ語がアバハッタ語の影響を受けつつ8世紀中葉に初期ベンガル語として成立し、13世紀から18世紀にかけて成長する中期ベンガル語の過程を経て、19世紀以降現代ベンガル語の形態をとるに至っている。形成期にはムンダ諸語やドラビダ諸語の影響を受け、成長の過程ではサンスクリット語、アラビア語、ペルシア語、ポルトガル語、英語などから多くの語彙を借用している。現存最古のベンガル語文献は10世紀中葉の宗教詩『チャリア・ギータ』で、初期・中期の文献もみな韻文で書かれ、散文が初めて現れるのは17世紀後半になってからである。

[奈良 毅]

『S. K. ChatterjiThe Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, 3 vols. (1970, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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