Furuta Oribe

A military commander and tea master in the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo periods. The son of Shigesada, he was commonly known as Sasuke and his given name was Shigenari. His Buddhist name was Soya and his religious name was Kinpo. He first served Oda Nobunaga, and after Nobunaga's sudden death, he followed Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In 1585 (Tensho 13), he was appointed Oribe no Sho, Junior Fifth Rank, and was given Nishioka in Kyoto. He participated in the Kyushu Campaign in 1587 and the Odawara Campaign in 1590, and during the Bunroku War in 1592 (Bunroku 1), he went down to Nagoya in Hizen (Saga Prefecture). In Hideyoshi's final years, he was added to the Ohanashishu (Otogishu) group. After Hideyoshi's death in 1598 (Keicho 3), he served Tokugawa Ieyasu, and was active on the Tokugawa side in the Battle of Sekigahara. He had been friends with Sen no Rikyu since around 1582, and it is well known that when Rikyu was ordered to live in seclusion in Sakai in February 1591, he saw him off with Hosokawa Sansai (Tadaoki) and Funamoto in Yodo. He was later counted as one of the Seven Philosophers of Rikyu, and it is said that after Rikyu's death, he revised Rikyu's tea ceremony at Hideyoshi's command to establish a military tea law, and in the early years of the Keicho era (1596-1615), he was known as a master of the tea ceremony. From 1603, he taught the tea ceremony to Kobori Enshu for eight years (Keicho Denju), and in 1610, he also taught the tea ceremony to Shogun Hidetada at Edo Castle. His ideas were reflected in the distorted shape of the so-called "kutsugata chawan" tea bowls, the multi-window style tea rooms, and the elegant gardens, which had a great influence on the artisans. In the 15th year of the Genwa era (1st year of the Genwa era), he was accused of collaborating with the Osaka faction during the Summer Siege of Osaka, and in June, he committed suicide at his residence in Fushimi Kobata. It is said that, at the time of the Siege of Osaka, he gave the tea room in his Kyoto residence to Yabunai Shochi (Kenchu), with whom he had been friends for a long time, and that the style was passed down to Ennan, which is now located in the Yabunai family home in Nishinotoin, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, and features a shoban seating arrangement. His grave is at Kosho-ji Temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

[Murai Yasuhiko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

安土(あづち)桃山、江戸初期の武将、茶人。重定の子、通称左介、名は重然(しげなり)。法号宗屋、道号を金甫といった。初め織田信長に仕え、信長横死後は豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉に従い、1585年（天正13）従(じゅ)五位下(げ)織部正(しょう)に叙任され、京都西岡を与えられる。87年九州征伐、90年小田原征伐に従い、92年（文禄1）の文禄(ぶんろく)の役には肥前（佐賀県）名護屋(なごや)に下っている。秀吉の最晩年には御咄衆(おはなししゅう)（御伽衆(おとぎしゅう)）の1人に加えられた。98年（慶長3）の秀吉没後は徳川家康に仕え、関ヶ原の合戦には徳川方に属して活躍した。千利休(せんのりきゅう)とは1582年ころより親交し、91年2月、利休が堺(さかい)に蟄居(ちっきょ)を命ぜられたとき、これを細川三斎（忠興(ただおき)）と淀(よど)の舟本で見送ったことは有名。のちに利休七哲の1人に数えられるが、利休没後、秀吉の命で利休の茶を改めて武門の茶法を制定したとも伝え、慶長(けいちょう)（1596～1615）初年には茶の湯名人との評を得ている。1603年から8年間、小堀遠州に茶の湯を伝授（慶長伝授）、10年には江戸城で将軍秀忠(ひでただ)にも茶の湯指南にあたっている。その作意は、形のひずんだ、いわゆる沓型茶碗(くつがたちゃわん)や、多窓形式の茶室、景気を好んだ露地などに示され、大きな影響を与えた。15年（元和1）大坂夏の陣に大坂方に通じた廉(かど)で罪に問われ、6月、伏見木幡(ふしみこばた)の屋敷で自刃した。この大坂の陣にあたり、京屋敷にあった茶席を、早くから親交のあった藪内紹智(やぶのうちじょうち)（剣仲(けんちゅう)）に与えたといい、現在京都市下京区西洞院(にしのとういん)藪内家にある、相伴(しょうばん)席を特徴とする燕庵(えんなん)が、その形式を伝えたものという。墓は京都市上京区の興聖(こうしょう)寺にある。

［村井康彦］

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