Kuta-so

Japanese: 久多荘 - くたのしょう

A mountain manor located on the border between Tanba and Omi in Atago County, Yamashiro Province. It is identified with the current Kuta area in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City. The date of its establishment is unknown, but in 1064 it was the property of Kyoto Hojo-ji Temple and served as a repair site (woodworking place) for the temple and Byodo-in Temple in Uji. In 1159 it became the property of the nearby Daihisan-ji Temple (Bujo-ji Temple), and at that time 15 cho of rice fields were opened up. At the end of the Kamakura period it became the property of the Ashikaga family, and later (before 1449) it became the property of Daigo-ji Temple Sanbo-in Temple with the donation of the lord and land steward. In 1459 it had 145 buildings and was quite developed as a settlement. It continued to be the property of Sanbo-in Temple, but in 1579 Oda Nobunaga appointed the Kutsuki clan of Omi as magistrate, and it was subsequently practically under the control of the Kutsuki clan. In the early Kamakura period, there were upper-class farmers in Kuta Manor called "ten farmers," and from the end of the same period, the "ten-person" system was maintained. The main industries were lumber cutting and rafting, and there were frequent disputes with the neighboring Omi Kutsuki Manor over rafting, and there were repeated border disputes with the neighboring Omi Katsuragawa. In the course of these disputes, the upper, middle, and lower "sonchu" were formed, and in the Muromachi period, these three sonchu came together to form "Kuta Sosho," which was firmly bound together by faith in Shikobuchi Shrine. The strength of these so organizations was manifested in the flight of manors who disliked the rule of the Kutsuki clan.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

山城国愛宕(おたぎ)郡の丹波・近江境にあった山間荘園。現京都市左京区の久多一帯に比定される。成立時期は不明だが，1064年には京都法成(ほうじょう)寺領で，同寺および宇治平等院の修理料所（杣所）であった。1159年近隣にある大悲山(だいひさん)寺（峰定寺）領となるが，この時には田15町が開かれていた。鎌倉時代末期には足利家領となり，のち（1449年以前）領家・地頭職が寄進されて醍醐寺三宝院領となる。1459年には棟数145を数え，集落としてかなりの発達をみていた。その後三宝院領として続くが，1579年織田信長により近江朽木(くつき)氏が代官職に任じられ，以後は実質的に朽木氏の支配下に置かれた。鎌倉初期の久多荘には〈十人百姓〉と称される上層農民が存在し，同末期からは〈十名〉体制が維持された。主要産業は木材の切り出しと筏(いかだ)流しで，筏流しをめぐって隣接する近江朽木荘とたびたび相論があり，同じく隣接する近江葛川(かつらがわ)との間で境相論を繰り返した。こうした相論の過程で上，中，下の〈惣中〉が結成され，室町時代にはこの３惣中が寄り集って志古淵(しこぶち)神社の信仰で固く結ばれた〈久多惣荘〉が形成されていた。こうした惣組織の強さは，朽木氏の支配を嫌った荘民の逃散(ちょうさん)という形で表れている。

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