Brewster's law

Japanese: ブルースターの法則 - ぶるーすたーのほうそく(英語表記)Brewster's law
Brewster's law

This is a law related to the reflection of light, introduced by Brewster in England in 1815. When unpolarized light (natural light ) is incident from a transparent medium with a refractive index of n1 to a transparent medium with a refractive index of n2 at an incidence angle θ that satisfies the relationship tanθ = n2 / n1 , the reflected light becomes linearly polarized light that oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence (the plane that contains the direction of travel of the incident light and the normal to the boundary surface at the point of incidence. In the figure , the plane of the paper). At this incidence angle, the refracted light has a stronger component that oscillates within the plane of incidence than the component that oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence. The angle between the reflected light and the refracted light is a right angle. θ is called Brewster's angle or polarization angle. If the refractive index of the first medium is known, the refractive index of the second medium can be determined by measuring the polarization angle. Also, if the second medium is made into thin layers and several layers are stacked in parallel with a gap between them, the light that passes through it at the polarization angle becomes linearly polarized light that oscillates almost completely within the plane of incidence, so it acts as a polarizer. It is used primarily in the infrared region and is called a pile-of-plate polarizer.

[Tanaka Shunichi]

[Reference] | Blue Star | Polarized
Brewster's Law (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Brewster's Law (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1815年、イギリスのブルースターによって導かれた光の反射に関連する法則。偏光していない光(自然光)が、屈折率n1の透明媒質から屈折率n2の透明媒質の境界面にtanθ=n2n1の関係を満足する入射角θで入射するとき、反射光が入射面(入射光の進行方向と入射点における境界面の法線を含む面のこと。では紙面)に垂直に振動する直線偏光になるという法則である。この入射角のとき、屈折光は、入射面内に振動する成分のほうが、入射面に垂直に振動する成分より強くなる。また反射光と屈折光のなす角は直角になる。θはブルースターの角または偏光角とよばれる。第1媒質の屈折率が既知のとき、偏光角を測定すれば第2媒質の屈折率が求められる。また第2媒質を薄い層にし、間隔をあけて平行に何枚も重ねたものは、偏光角でそれを透過する光がほぼ完全に入射面内に振動する直線偏光になるので、偏光器として作用する。主として赤外域で用いられ、パイルオブプレート偏光器pile-of-plate polarizerとよばれる。

[田中俊一]

[参照項目] | ブルースター | 偏光
ブルースターの法則〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

ブルースターの法則〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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