…This contrasts with the French model, which places the interest of constitutional protection apart from the protection of human rights. Furthermore, the role of the German Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) can be seen as being characterized by its role of judicially resolving political factors contained in constitutional issues. However, in the course of its experience, when a ruling on the constitutionality of a law becomes necessary to resolve a case in a regular court, a method is adopted to encourage the activity of the Constitutional Court, and it can be expected to play a role in protecting human rights as well. … From the Supreme CourtIn the Federal Republic of Germany, there are five courts with jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases, administrative cases, labor cases, social cases, and tax cases, and each has its own supreme court (Bundesgerichtshof, Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Bundesarbeitsgericht, Bundessozialgericht, Bundesfinanzhof). However, these do not have the power to review unconstitutional legislation, and that power is exercised by the separately established Federal Constitutional Court, Bundesverfassungsgericht. In addition, the House of Lords in the UK and the Cour de cassation in France are the highest judicial institutions and can be said to be equivalent to the Supreme Court of Japan, but there are many differences in their nature and functions. From the Federal Republic of Germany...The federal government (cabinet), which is the core of the executive branch, is composed of the Federal Chancellor and the Federal Ministers, and the Chancellor is the only "minister elected by parliament" and is solely responsible to parliament, exercising great authority. A distinctive feature of Germany's legal system is the existence of the Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht), whose sole mission is to supervise compliance with the Basic Law. Germany, which advocates the rule of law, has a well-organized judicial system, and in addition to the Constitutional Court, there are ordinary courts, labor courts, administrative courts, social courts, and financial courts. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Bundesverfassungsgericht" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これは,フランス型が憲法保障の関心を人権保障とは別のところにおいているのと対照的である。さらに,ドイツの連邦憲法裁判所Bundesverfassungsgerichtの役割には,憲法問題に含まれる政治的要因を司法的に解決させるという特徴をみることができる。ところが,その体験の過程で,通常の裁判所における事件の解決のために法律の合憲性判断が必要となると,憲法裁判所の活動を促す方法が採用され,人権保障の役割をも十分期待できるようになっている。… 【最高裁判所】より…ドイツ連邦共和国においては,民事・刑事事件,行政事件,労働事件,社会事件,租税事件を管轄する五つの系列の裁判所があり,それぞれに最高裁判所がおかれている(Bundesgerichtshof,Bundesverwaltungsgericht,Bundesarbeitsgericht,Bundessozialgericht,Bundesfinanzhof)。ただし,これらは違憲立法審査権をもたず,その権限を行使するのは,別に設置される連邦憲法裁判所Bundesverfassungsgerichtである。ほかにイギリスの貴族院House of Lords,フランスの破毀院Cour de cassationが司法の最高機関として,日本の最高裁判所に相当するといえるが,その性格や機能の面で異なる点も多くみられる。… 【ドイツ連邦共和国】より…また,行政の核たる連邦政府(内閣)は連邦首相と連邦大臣により構成され,首相は唯一人の〈議会から選出された閣僚〉として一人で議会に対し責任を負い,強大な権限を行使する。 ドイツの法制上で特徴的なのは,連邦憲法裁判所Bundesverfassungsgerichtの存在で,もっぱら基本法の遵守を監督することを使命としている。法治主義を掲げるドイツには,整備された司法組織が存在しており,憲法裁判所以外にも,通常裁判所,労働裁判所,行政裁判所,社会裁判所,財務裁判所が存在している。… ※「Bundesverfassungsgericht」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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