Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanas'evich

Japanese: ブルガーコフ（英語表記）Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanas'evich

Born: May 15, 1891, Kyiv
[Died] March 10, 1940. Writer in the Moscow Soviet Union. After graduating from university, he became a doctor, but a few years later he quit and began writing. He started out as a writer of satirical short stories, and wrote for the newspaper Nakanune (The Evening) from 1920 to 1922 as a member of the Signpost Change group. He published the novel Belaya gvardiya (The White Guard) (1925), the satirical short story Rokovye yaitsa (The Egg of Fate) (1925), and D'yavoliada (The Devil's Tale) (1925), among others. He also wrote nearly ten plays, including Dni Turbinykh (Days of the Turbins) (1926), based on The White Guard, but most of these were banned, and his play Beg (The Flight) (1928) premiered about 30 years later, in 1957. He died of illness without publishing his novel Master i Margarita. This fantastical work was released in 1966-67 and caused a great sensation.

Bulgakov
Bulgakov, Sergei Nikolaevich

Born: June 16, 1871, Livny
[Died] July 12, 1944, Paris Russian economist and theologian. Born into a priest's family and received a religious education, he left the church under the influence of Marxism, majored in economics at university, and taught Marxist economics at Kiev and Moscow University from 1901 to 1918. After the revolution, he became disillusioned with Marxism and returned to the Russian Orthodox Church along with N. Berdyaev and P. Struve. He was ordained a priest in 1918, but was exiled from his homeland in 1923. In 1925, he became a professor at the newly established Orthodox Seminary in Paris, and spent his life devoting himself to the establishment of a theological system and the ecumenical movement. His major works are Immortal Light (1917), Jacob's Ladder (29), and The Lamb of God (33).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1891.5.15. キエフ
[没]1940.3.10. モスクワ
ソビエト連邦の作家。大学卒業後に医師となったが，数年後医師を辞め執筆活動を開始。風刺短編作家として出発し，1920～22年，道標転換派の同人として新聞『その前夜』Nakanuneに作品を執筆した。長編『白衛軍』Belaya gvardiya（1925），風刺短編『運命の卵』Rokovye yaitsa（1925），『悪魔物語』D'yavoliada（1925）などを発表，また『白衛軍』を元にした戯曲『トゥルビン家の日々』Dni Turbinykh（1926）をはじめ 10編近い戯曲を書いたが，その多くは発売禁止となり，戯曲『逃亡』Beg（1928）は約 30年後の 1957年に初演された。長編『巨匠とマルガリータ』Master i Margaritaは未発表のまま病死。この奇想天外な作品は 1966～67年に発表され大きな反響を呼んだ。

ブルガーコフ
Bulgakov， Sergei Nikolaevich

[生]1871.6.16. リブヌイ
[没]1944.7.12. パリ
ロシアの経済学者，神学者。司祭の家に生れ宗教教育を受けたが，マルクス主義の影響を受けて教会を去り，大学時代は経済学を専攻して，1901～18年キエフおよびモスクワ大学でマルクス主義経済学を教えた。革命後マルクス主義に幻滅し，N.ベルジャーエフ，P.ストルーベなどとともにロシア正教会に復帰。 18年司祭に任命されたが，23年故国より追放された。 25年パリに新設された正教会神学校教授となり生涯を神学体系の確立とエキュメニズム運動に尽した。主著『不滅の光』 (1917) ，『ヤコブの梯子』 (29) ，『神の仔羊』 (33) 。

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