Winthrop, John

Japanese: ウィンスロップ（英語表記）Winthrop， John

Born January 12, 1588 in Suffolk
[Died] March 26, 1649. Boston. An English colonist in the early American colonial period. Graduated from Cambridge University. Puritanism was his life creed, and he was interested in the Massachusetts Bay Company, which was established by a charter of Charles I in 1629. He was appointed as the first governor, and in 1630 he emigrated to America and founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He based his base in Boston and built town communities around it, centered on the Congregational Church. In principle, town self-government was decided by voting at town meetings attended by all freemen, and decisions made by majority vote were binding on all residents. Based on the belief that once elected, one should govern according to the best judgment of the individual, he established a strict theocracy to protect his own freedom of religion. His diary, "A Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts," was published in 1790 and is an important historical document.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1588.1.12. サフォーク
[没]1649.3.26. ボストン
アメリカ植民地時代初期のイギリス人植民者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業。ピューリタニズムを生活信条とし，1629年チャールズ1世の特許状により設立されたマサチューセッツ湾会社に興味をもち，初代総督に任命され，30年アメリカに移住，マサチューセッツ湾植民地を創設。ボストンを本拠とし，その周辺に会衆派教会を中心とするタウン共同体を建設。タウンの自治は原則として自由民全部の出席するタウン・ミーティングにおける投票により決定され，多数決による決定事項には住民全部が拘束される形態をとった。一度選ばれたら個人の最上の判断のもとに治めるという信念に基づき，自己の信仰の自由を守るため，きびしい神政政治を樹立した。彼の日記"A Journal of the Transactions and Occurrences in the Settlement of Massachusetts"は 1790年に刊行され，重要な史料である。

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