Priest - Shaso

Japanese: 社僧 - しゃそう
Priest - Shaso

A monk who performs Buddhist rites at a shrine temple. They are also called kuso or jinso. Shrine priests were classified into betto (chief priest of a shrine temple), kengyo (general manager of the monks and oversees administrative duties), kouto (assistant to the betto), sento (in charge of shrine affairs under the kouto), jikko, gakuto, and shikko (department head). Special positions such as goshi (or oshi) were created at Kasuga Shrine and Hachiman Shrine, and mokudai at Gion Shrine. From the Heian period onwards, shrine priests were appointed to shrines throughout the country in parallel with the establishment of more shrine temples attached to shrines, but this system was abolished by the Shinbutsu Bunri Edict of the Meiji Period.

[Tetsuo Yamaori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

神宮寺(じんぐうじ)で仏事を行う僧。宮僧(くそう)、神僧(じんそう)ともいう。社僧には、別当(べっとう)(神宮寺の長官)、検校(けんぎょう)(衆僧の総括と事務の監督)、勾当(こうとう)(別当の補佐)、専当(せんとう)(勾当の下で社務を担当)、執行、学頭、執事などの別があった。また春日(かすが)社や八幡宮(はちまんぐう)では五師(または御師(おし))、祇園(ぎおん)社では目代(もくだい)など特別の役職が設けられた。平安時代以降、神社に付属する神宮寺の増設されるのと並行して、全国の諸社に社僧が置かれるようになったが、明治の神仏分離令によってその制度は廃止された。

[山折哲雄]

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