Flutter - Flutter (English spelling)

Japanese: フラッター - ふらったー(英語表記)flutter
Flutter - Flutter (English spelling)

Vibrations that occur in the wings of an airplane in flight. Because they are caused by the energy of the air flow, once they occur, the amplitude increases rapidly, and the wing structure may be destroyed, or in severe cases, the aircraft may break apart in mid-air. The cause is the natural frequency of the bending and twisting of the wing structure, and the action of returning the bending and twisting applied to the wing during flight to its original state coincides with the natural frequency at a certain speed, causing divergent vibration. Not only the wing structure, but also two parts with different natural frequencies, such as a wing and an aileron, or a stabilizer and a control surface, may resonate and begin to vibrate at a different natural frequency. Measures to prevent flutter include designing the wing structure so that the center of gravity is in front of the center of twist, installing a mass balance (a heavy adjustment object attached to the wing surface that moves due to control) to change the natural frequency, increasing the rigidity of the control surfaces and flight control system, eliminating play in the steering mechanism, and adopting a powered control mechanism. Currently, flutter can be estimated quite accurately at subsonic speeds, but it is said that there are still some difficulties at transonic speeds.

[Kazuo Ochiai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

飛行中の飛行機の翼に発生する振動。空気の流れのエネルギーを受けて生ずるため、いったん発生すると振幅は急速に増大し、翼構造が破壊したり、甚だしい場合は機体が空中分解することもある。原因は、翼構造の曲げとねじれの固有振動数で、飛行中の翼に加わる曲げとねじれを元の状態に戻そうとする働きが、特定の速度に達すると固有振動数と一致してしまい、発散振動を引き起こすためである。翼構造だけでなく、異なった固有振動数をもつ二つのもの、たとえば翼と補助翼、安定板と舵面(だめん)などが、共振して別の固有振動数で振動を始めることもある。フラッターを防ぐには、翼構造のねじれ中心より前に重心がくるように構造に配慮したり、マスバランス(操縦により動く翼面に取り付けた調整用の重量物)を取り付けて固有振動数を変える、舵面や操縦系統の剛性を高める、操舵機構の遊びをなくす、動力操縦機構を採用する、などの対策がある。現在、亜音速ではかなり正確にフラッターを推定できるが、遷音速ではまだ困難な点があるとされている。

[落合一夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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