Horse Zhan Mountain

A Republic of China soldier. His pen name was Xiu Fang. He was from Fengrun (Tangshan), Hebei Province. He was a bandit. He later became a soldier for the Northeast Warlords. After the Manchurian Incident in 1931, he was appointed acting governor of Heilongjiang Province by the Nationalist government, but was defeated by the Japanese army at Qiqihar in the same year. In 1932, he compromised with Japan and became the first Chief of the Military and Political Department of "Manchukuo". In 1932, he escaped to Heihe and led the anti-Japanese war against Manchukuo. In the summer of the same year, he was defeated and escaped to the territory of the Soviet Union. At that time, rumors of his death in battle were circulating in Japan, and it became a political issue when Minister of War Araki Sadao reported this to the shogunate. In 1933 he returned to Shanghai and became a member of the Nationalist Government's Military Committee, in 1939 he became commander-in-chief of the Northeast Parachute Army, and in 1941 he became governor of Heilongjiang Province, where he fought against the Japanese army in the Baotou area of ​​Suiyuan Province and was praised as a hero in the anti-Japanese war. In 1948 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Northeast Cavalry, but after the fall of Beijing in 1949 he joined the Liberation Army and died of an illness in Beijing.

[Ryuzo Yamashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中華民国の軍人。字(あざな)は秀芳。河北省豊潤（唐山）の人。馬賊出身。のち東北軍閥の軍人となった。1931年の満州事変後、国民政府から黒竜江省主席代理に任命されたが、1931年チチハルで日本軍に敗れ、1932年日本と妥協し、「満州国」初代軍政部総長となった。1932年黒河に脱出、反満抗日戦を指導、同年夏、負けて当時のソ連領に脱出した。そのころ、日本では彼の戦死説が流布され、荒木貞夫(あらきさだお)陸相がこれを上奏したというので政治問題化した。1933年上海(シャンハイ)に帰って国民政府軍事委員会委員、1939年東北挺進軍(ていしんぐん)総司令、1941年黒竜江省主席となり、綏遠(すいえん)省包頭(パオトウ)方面で日本軍と対戦し抗日戦の英雄とたたえられた。1948年東北騎兵総司令に任命されていたが、北京(ペキン)陥落後の1949年には解放軍に参加し、北京で病死した。

［山下龍三］

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