Wilkes Incident - Wilkes Incident

Japanese: ウィルクス事件 - ウィルクスじけん

An anti-establishment movement that developed in the late 18th century in England. It began in 1763 when John Wilkes (1727-1797), a member of the House of Commons, was arrested for being the author of seditious writings after criticizing King George III's Royal Decree for the Opening of Parliament in his newspaper, North Britain, which he had founded. He was released on parliamentary immunity, and the London crowds who welcomed him were excited, chanting "Wilkes and Liberty." After Parliament expelled him, and the court found him guilty of libel, the Middlesex constituency on the outskirts of London elected him, and he was expelled and elected three times after that. This incident was reported in newspapers and other media, and Wilkes was suddenly hailed as the darling of liberty. This incident, which opened a hole in the privileged oligarchy centered on the landed aristocracy, with the support of the people under the banner of freedom of speech, became the catalyst for the development of the radical movement in England.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

18世紀後半の英国で展開した反体制運動。1763年下院議員ジョン・ウィルクスJohn Wilkes（1727年−1797年）がみずからの創刊した《ノース・ブリテン》紙上で国王ジョージ３世の議会開院式の勅語を批判したのに対して扇動的文書の著者であるとして逮捕されたのが発端。議員特権で釈放された彼を迎えたロンドンの群衆は〈ウィルクスと自由〉を合言葉に高揚をみせた。議会が彼を除名し，裁判所も文書誹毀(ひき)罪で有罪の判決を下すと，ロンドン郊外のミドルセックス選挙区は彼を選出し，以後３回にわたって除名と当選が繰り返された。こうした経緯が新聞などで報道され，ウィルクスは一躍自由の寵児ともてはやされるようになった。地主貴族を中心にした特権的な寡頭支配体制に，言論の自由を看板にして民衆の支持のもとに風穴を明けたこの事件は，英国における急進主義運動の展開の契機になった。
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