Siena Cathedral - Duomo di Siena

Japanese: シエナ大聖堂 - しえなだいせいどう(英語表記)Duomo di Siena
Siena Cathedral - Duomo di Siena

It is the most extravagant Gothic cathedral in Italy, located in the city of Siena in central Italy. Construction began in the mid-12th century, and continued through the 13th and 14th centuries. The main part of the cathedral was almost finished in 1215, the cupola was completed in 1264, the decoration of the lower part of the façade was completed by Giovanni Pisano between 1884 and 1895, and the campanile (bell tower) was built in 1313. Although the construction was nearing completion, the construction was stalled. However, in 1339, a plan was proposed for a huge new cathedral, converting the buildings that had been constructed up until that point into transepts, in order to compete with the Florence Cathedral, whose construction was already underway at the time. Construction on the new plan was immediately started, but construction was forced to be halted due to financial difficulties in the city of Siena and the outbreak of the plague in 1348. The newly constructed sections were demolished and the original plan was rebuilt. Giovanni di Cecco began the decoration of the upper part of the facade in 1376, and the apse was completed in 1382. Although the exterior structure and plan are not in order and symmetrical due to the repeated design changes, the beauty of the building is not lost. The walls are decorated with horizontal stripes of black and white marble, giving it a refined appearance befitting this medieval city. The polychrome marble inlays on the floor depicting Old Testament tales are luxurious and intricately crafted, and the pulpit by Nicola Pisano and the statue of St. John the Baptist by Donatello are both masterpieces in the history of sculpture. The baptistery adjacent to the apse contains a baptismal font decorated with reliefs by Ghiberti, Donatello, and Jacopo della Quercia.

[Katsuya Hamatani]

Siena Cathedral
A representative example of early Italian Gothic architecture. There is a rose window above the triple entrance on the west front. Construction began in the mid-12th century, but it was finally completed in 1382. Part of the World Heritage Site "Historic Center of Siena" (Italy, registered in 1995) Siena, Italy ©Shogakukan ">

Siena Cathedral


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアにおけるもっとも豪奢(ごうしゃ)なゴシック式聖堂で、中部イタリアのシエナ市にある。12世紀中期に起工され、造営期間は13、14両世紀にわたる。1215年に主要部分の建設がほとんど終了し、64年にクーポラ(円蓋(えんがい))が完成、84~95年にジョバンニ・ピサーノによってファサード(正面)下部の装飾が完了し、1313年にカンパニーレ(鐘塔)が建立され、完成を目前にしながら工事は停滞していた。ところが1339年に至り、おりから造営が進行中のフィレンツェの大聖堂と覇を競うべく、これまで構築された建物を翼廊に転用する巨大な新大聖堂の計画が提案される。そしてただちに新計画による工事が開始されたが、シエナ市の財政上の逼迫(ひっぱく)や1348年のペストの流行で、工事は中断を余儀なくされた。新たに建設された部分を取り壊し、在来どおりの計画に戻って、1376年にジョバンニ・ディ・チェッコが正面上部の装飾に着手し、82年にはアプスが完成した。度重なる設計変更のため、外観構成とプランに秩序とシンメトリーを欠くうらみはあるが、美観は損なわれていない。壁面は白と黒の大理石による横縞(よこじま)模様で装われ、この中世都市にふさわしい瀟洒(しょうしゃ)なたたずまいをみせている。床面に施された旧約物語を題材にした多色大理石のはめ込み細工は、豪奢で精巧な技法を示しており、ニコラ・ピサーノ一門による説教壇、ドナテッロの手になる『洗礼者聖ヨハネ像』はともに彫刻史上の逸品である。アプスに隣接する洗礼堂には、ギベルティ、ドナテッロ、ヤコポ・デッラ・クエルチアの浮彫りで装われた洗礼盤が設置されている。

[濱谷勝也]

シエナ大聖堂
イタリア初期ゴシックの代表的建築。西正面三連入口の上にはバラ窓がしつらえられている。12世紀中期に起工されたが、最終的に完成をみたのは1382年である。世界文化遺産「シエナ歴史地区」の一部(イタリア・1995年登録) イタリア シエナ©Shogakukan">

シエナ大聖堂


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