It is a general term for taxes on goods that individuals or corporations obtain over a certain period of time, and can be divided into income tax and profit tax. Income is the acquisition of goods observed from the perspective of the economic units, individuals and corporations, while profit is the acquisition of goods observed from the perspective of the profit-generating objects that produce it, such as land, houses, and businesses. Income tax is called a per capita tax because it is levied primarily on taxpayers, while profit tax is called a property tax because it is levied with a focus on the objects that bring in profit. Examples of income taxes include national income tax and corporate tax, and local resident tax, while examples of profit taxes include local business tax and mining tax. [Masatoshi Hayashi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
個人または法人が一定期間に得る財に対する税の総称であり、所得税と収益税に分けられる。所得とは経済単位である個人や法人に着目して観察した財の取得であり、収益というのはそれを産み出す収益物体である土地、家屋、営業などの観点から観察した財の取得である。所得税は納税者を中心に課されるから人税とよばれ、収益税は収益をもたらす物体に着目して課税されるから物税といわれる。所得税の例としては、国税の所得税や法人税、地方税の住民税などがあげられ、収益税の例としては、地方税の事業税や鉱区税などがあげられる。 [林 正寿] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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