Anglo-Sikh Wars

Japanese: シク戦争 - シクせんそう(英語表記)Anglo-Sikh Wars
Anglo-Sikh Wars
Two wars broke out between the Indian Sikhs (→Sikhism) and the British in the mid-19th century. The Sikh kingdom, which had been unified by Ranjit Singh (1780-1839), had refused to let British troops pass through its territory even after the British annexed Sindh, and maintained its status as the only independent state in India at that time. However, after Singh's death, the kingdom fell into a complicated battle for succession, and the whole country was divided. In this situation, the Sikh army, which had taken the initiative in responding to British provocations, advanced, and the First Sikh War (1845-46) broke out. At first, the British army struggled, but due to internal disunity and internal betrayal by the Sikh army, they won a decisive victory. As a result, the Sikhs lost Kashmir, and a British resident was placed in the capital, Lahore. Thus, the Sikhs nominally continued to exist as an independent state, but as the British colonization progressed and various reforms were implemented, the residents' discontent exploded, and rebellions broke out in various places, resulting in an anti-British war. This was the Second Sikh War (48-49). The British struggled again, but were victorious due to internal disunity among the Sikhs and betrayal by their ruling class. As a result, the British declared the annexation of the Punjab, completing their conquest of all of India.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
19世紀中頃,インドのシク教徒 (→シク教 ) とイギリスとの間に起った2回にわたる戦争。ランジート・シング (1780~1839) により統一されていたシク王国は,洋式化された軍隊を背景にイギリスのシンド併合のあともイギリス軍の領内通過を拒否し,当時のインドで唯一の独立国の地位を保っていた。しかしシングの死後,複雑な後継者争いに陥り,全土が分裂状態となった。こうした情勢のもとにイギリスの挑発に先手を打ったシク軍の進撃により,第1次シク戦争 (1845~46) が起った。初めイギリス軍は苦戦したが,シク軍の内部不統一や内応により決定的勝利を収めた。この結果,シクはカシミールを失い,首都ラホールにイギリスの駐在官がおかれることとなった。こうして名目的には独立国として存続したが,イギリスの植民地化が進み各種の改革が行われると,住民の不満が爆発し,各地に反乱が起り,反イギリス戦争となった。これが第2次シク戦争 (48~49) である。再びイギリスは苦戦したが,シクの内部の不統一や支配層の裏切りにより再び勝利を収めた。その結果,イギリスはパンジャブの併合を宣言し,ここに全インド征服を完成した。

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