Let X be a set and f be a mapping from X to X itself. If f ( P ) = P holds for a point P in X , then P is called a fixed point, or a fixed point, of f . Some mappings have fixed points, and some do not. For example, when considering the set R of all real numbers, a mapping that maps x to x² has fixed points 0 and 1, but a mapping that maps x to x + 1 does not have a fixed point. Thus, the problem of finding the conditions for a mapping to have a fixed point can be considered, and various theorems related to this have been obtained when X is a topological space and f is a continuous mapping. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
Xを集合とし,fをXからX自身への写像とする。Xの点Pに対しf(P)=Pが成り立つならば,Pをfの不動点,または固定点という。写像の中には不動点をもつものもあれば,もたないものもある。例えば,実数全体の集合Rを考えるとき,xをx2にうつす写像は0と1を不動点にもつが,xをx+1にうつす写像は不動点をもたない。それで,写像が不動点をもつための条件を求めるという問題が考えられるが,Xが位相空間でfが連続写像の場合に,これに関する種々の定理が得られている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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