Originally an Arabic word meaning "youthfulness" or "generosity," it was widely used in the Eastern Islamic world as the opposite of mura (masculinity). After the 10th century, the meaning of the word diversified as it came to mean various religious associations and professional groups. In the early Islamic period, fatā was used to refer to noble and brave young men who inherited the traditions of the Jahiliyya period, but in the mid-Abbasid period, chivalrous ruffians such as fityans and ayyars who idealized the virtue of futuwa appeared among the urban masses. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
元来は〈若者らしさ〉〈寛大さ〉を意味するアラビア語で,ムルッワ(男らしさ)の対概念として東方イスラム世界に広く用いられた。10世紀以後になると,これに各種の宗教結社や職業集団の意味が加わり,その語義は多様化した。 初期イスラム時代には,ジャーヒリーヤ時代の伝統を受け継ぎ,高貴で,しかも勇敢な若者をファターfatāと呼んだが,アッバース朝中期ころになると,都市の民衆の間からフトゥッワの徳を理想とするフィトヤーンあるいはアイヤールなどの任俠無頼の徒(俠客)が現れた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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