Also called the passive state. When a metal comes into contact with oxygen in the air or an aqueous solution containing an oxidizing agent, the reaction products form a dense film and adhere to the metal surface. At that time, the metal is in a state of excellent corrosion resistance with a low erosion rate. This is the passive state. Aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel appear not to rust like precious metals because they have a transparent passive film several tens of angstroms thick on their surfaces. Iron also dissolves or corrodes while forming a thick rust layer in acidic or neutral aqueous solutions, but is passive in alkaline concrete, so it is used as reinforcing steel for concrete. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
受働態ともいう。金属が空気中の酸素や酸化剤を含む水溶液などに接したとき,反応生成物が緻密な皮膜となって金属面に固着する。そのとき金属は浸食速度が小さい耐食性にすぐれた状態となる。これが不働態である。アルミニウム,チタン,ステンレス鋼が外見上貴金属と同様に錆びないようにみえるのは,表面に数十Åの透明な不働態皮膜が存在しているからである。鉄も酸性や中性の水溶液では,溶解したり厚い錆層を形成しつつ腐食していくが,アルカリ性のコンクリート中では不働態となるため,コンクリート補強用鉄筋として用いられる。
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