Buddleia - Buddleia

A general term for the genus Buddleia in the Buddleaceae family. There are about 100 species, many of which are found in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, America, and Africa. In Japan, Buddleia davidii, B. davidii Franch., and Buddleia japonica are distributed. In the horticultural world, Buddleia davidii Franch., native to central and western China, and its horticultural varieties are often called Buddleia. This species is a deciduous shrub, 1 to 3 meters tall. The leaves are opposite, egg-shaped or lanceolate, 5 to 20 centimeters long, sharply pointed at the tip, with fine sawtooth edges, and the underside is grayish-white and densely covered with short hairs. From July to September, it produces spike-shaped panicles 10 to 25 centimeters long at the ends of the branches, and many fragrant pale purple flowers bloom. The corolla is long and tubular with four lobes at the tip and an orange-yellow throat. It was introduced to Japan around 1890 (Meiji 23). Horticultural varieties have large flowers in red, crimson purple, deep crimson purple and white. Buddleia nigricans is a species that has become naturalized in the Chichibu region. Buddleia nigricans and Buddleia fragrans, native to China, are cultivated in greenhouses. They are used as garden trees and cut flowers. It is easy to cultivate, and grows well in sunny, fertile soil with moderate moisture and good drainage from Honshu to Kyushu. It grows quickly and is cold-resistant. It is propagated by cuttings and seeds.

[Yoshio Kobayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フジウツギ科フジウツギ属の総称。アジア、アメリカ、アフリカの熱帯、亜熱帯に多く、約100種ある。日本にはフジウツギ、コフジウツギ、ウラジロフジウツギが分布する。園芸界では、中国中・西部原産のフサフジウツギ（ニシキフジウツギ）B. davidii Franch.と、その園芸品種をブッドレアとよぶことが多い。本種は落葉低木で、高さ1～3メートル。葉は対生し、卵状披針(ひしん)形または披針形で長さ5～20センチメートル、先は鋭くとがり、縁(へり)に細かい鋸歯(きょし)があり、裏面は灰白色で短毛を密生する。7～9月、枝先に穂状で長さ10～25センチメートルの円錐(えんすい)花序をつくり、芳香のある淡紫色花を多数開く。花冠は細長い筒状で先は4裂し、花喉(かこう)部は橙黄(とうこう)色である。日本には1890年（明治23）ころ渡来した。園芸品種には、花が大きく、花色が紅、紅紫、濃紅紫、白色のものがある。チチブフジウツギは、本種が秩父(ちちぶ)地方に野生化したものである。中国原産のトウフジウツギ、ニオイフジウツギは温室で栽培される。庭木、切り花にする。栽培は容易で、本州から九州の日当りがよく、適湿で排水のよい肥沃(ひよく)地でよく育ち、成長は速く、耐寒性もある。繁殖は挿木、実生(みしょう)による。

［小林義雄］

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