Paleomagnetism

Japanese: 古地磁気 - こちじき(英語表記)paleomagnetism
Paleomagnetism

The geomagnetic record from the geological era remains in rocks as natural remanent magnetism. Natural remanent magnetism includes thermoremanent magnetism acquired by burnt earth and volcanic rocks when they cool, and sedimentary remanent magnetism acquired by sedimentary rocks when they are deposited. The study of the magnitude and direction of the geological magnetic field from the geological era using these is called paleomagnetism.

Advances in paleomagnetism have revealed that there were periods when the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field was reversed (periods of reversed magnetic polarity) and that the pole appeared to move significantly, which played a major role in the revival of the continental drift theory, the ocean floor spreading theory at ocean ridges, and the construction of the plate tectonics theory, which comprehensively explains these theories. In addition, the inclination and declination of residual magnetism have revealed the movement and rotation of earth blocks, and rocks can be dated based on the history of reversals in the Earth's magnetic field.

[Tanio Itoh and Akihiro Murata]

[References] | Paleomagnetism | Paleomagnetic dating | Continental drift theory | Geomagnetic field| Inclination | Plate tectonics | Declination

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

岩石中に自然残留磁気として残されている地質時代の地磁気記録。自然残留磁気には、焼土(しょうど)や火山岩が冷却時に獲得した熱残留磁気と、堆積(たいせき)岩が堆積時に獲得した堆積残留磁気とがある。これらを利用して地質時代の地球磁場の大きさや方向などを研究する学問を古地磁気学という。

 古地磁気学の進歩によって、地磁気の極性が反転した時代(逆磁極期)があったことや、極が見かけ上大きく移動したことが明らかとなり、大陸移動説の復活や、海嶺における海洋底拡大説、これらを包括的に説明するプレートテクトニクス説の構築に大きな役割を果たした。また、残留磁気の伏角や偏角から、地塊の移動や回転が明らかになり、地球磁場の逆転の歴史などから、岩石の年代測定を行うことができる。

[伊藤谷生・村田明広]

[参照項目] | 古地磁気学 | 古地磁気年代 | 大陸移動説 | 地磁気 | 伏角 | プレートテクトニクス | 偏角

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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