A prefecture-level city in northwest Liaoning Province, China. It governs five city districts, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, and Zhangwu County (as of 2016). The permanent population is 1,819,339 (2010). The residents are Mongolian, Han, Manchu, Hui, Korean, and other ethnicities. During the Han dynasty, it belonged to Liaoxi County, during the Tang dynasty it belonged to Yingzhou, during the Liao and Jin dynasties it belonged to Tongchang County, and during the Yuan dynasty it was Yizhou. During the Qing dynasty, it belonged to Toumdo Left Banner, but at the end of the Qing dynasty, Fuxin County was established, and in 1940, part of it was separated and a city system was implemented. The county became a Mongolian Autonomous County in 1958. It developed as a mining town centered on the Fuxin Coal Mine. Fuxin Coal Mine is known as one of the first mines in the northeastern region to use mechanized mining. Coal mining began in 1897, and in 1914 (Taisho 3), Japan acquired the mining rights, and in 1916, it was managed by the South Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd. After Japan's defeat in the war, the Kuomintang took over the mine, but it was liberated in 1948. It was a large mine with an annual production of over 10 million tons, but it is depleting, and in 2015, the annual production was only 720,000 tons. The surrounding area produces sorghum, foxtail millet, soybeans, peanuts, and cotton, and livestock farming is also thriving. The city is served by the Singi Line (Xinlitun-Yi County) and the Dahushan Line (Dahu Mountain-Shuangliao County). [Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, April 18, 2017] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、遼寧(りょうねい)省北西部の地級市。5市轄区と阜新モンゴル族自治県、彰武(しょうぶ)県を管轄する(2016年時点)。常住人口181万9339(2010)。住民はモンゴル族、漢民族、満洲(まんしゅう)族、回族、朝鮮族などからなる。漢代は遼西(りょうせい)郡、唐代は営州(えいしゅう)、遼・金代は同昌(どうしょう)県に属し、元代の懿州(いしゅう)にあたる。清(しん)代はトウムド左翼旗に属していたが、清末に阜新県が置かれ、1940年一部を分離して市制を施行した。県は1958年モンゴル族自治県となった。 阜新炭鉱を中心とする鉱山都市として発展した。阜新炭鉱は東北地区で機械化採炭を早くから開始した炭鉱として知られる。1897年に採炭が始まり、1914年(大正3)日本が採掘権を獲得、1916年に南満州鉄道株式会社の経営となった。日本の敗戦で国民党が接収したが、1948年解放された。年産1000万トン超の大炭鉱であったが、枯渇しつつあり、2015年は年産わずか72万トンであった。周辺ではコウリャン、アワ、大豆、ラッカセイ、綿花を産し、牧畜も盛んである。新義線(新立屯(しんりつとん)―義(ぎ)県)、大鄭(だいてい)線(大虎山(だいこさん)―双遼(そうりょう))が通じる。 [河野通博・編集部 2017年4月18日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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