Mac-Mahon, Marie-Edme-Patrice Maurice de, Duc de Magenta

Japanese: マクマオン（英語表記）Mac-Mahon， Marie-Edme-PatriceMaurice de， Duc de Magenta

Born: July 13, 1808, Saône-et-Loire, Sully
[Died] October 17, 1893. Château-Laforet, Loarre. French soldier and politician. Born into a family of ardent Legitimists, he enlisted in the army in 1827. He distinguished himself in the conquest of Algeria, becoming a general in 1848, and then a marshal, earning the title of Duke of Magenta after gaining fame in the Crimean War and the Italian War. He became Governor of Algeria in 1864. He was seriously wounded and taken prisoner at Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War, but was released after the peace treaty was signed, and he served as commander of the Versailles army in suppressing the Paris Commune (1871). As a result, he gained the popularity of the royalists, who were the majority in parliament, and became president in May 1873. The Royalists, who had split into Orthodox and Orléanist factions, were unable to form an alliance, and when the Republicans made a large number of advances to the Chamber of Deputies in the general election of 1976, he entrusted the Cabinet to the Republicans, but the following year, riding on their momentum, the Republicans, accusing the Catholics of clerical supremacy, dismissed the Cabinet and dissolved the Chamber of Deputies using the President's special powers (16 May 1977). However, the election of October 1977 failed to change the Republicans' dominance, and he resigned in January 1979.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1808.7.13. ソーヌエロアール，シュリイ
[没]1893.10.17. ロアレ，シャトーラフォレ
フランスの軍人，政治家。熱烈なレジティミスト (正統王朝派) の家に生れ，1827年入隊。アルジェリア征服で軍功をあげて 48年将軍，クリミア戦争，イタリア戦争で名声を高め元帥となり，マジェンタ公の称号を得た。 64年アルジェリア総督。普仏戦争の際スダンで重傷を受け捕虜となったが，講和により釈放され，ベルサイユ軍の指揮官としてパリ・コミューンの鎮圧に努めた (1871) 。この結果，議会で多数派であった王党派の人気を獲得し，73年5月大統領。正統派とオルレアン王朝派に分裂していた王党派の連合が成らず，76年総選挙で共和派が下院に大量進出すると共和派に内閣をゆだねたが，翌年余勢をかった共和派が教権至上主義を敵としてカトリック勢力を弾劾すると，内閣を罷免し，大統領特別権限によって下院の解散を断行 (77.5.16.) 。しかし 77年 10月の選挙でも共和派の優位を変えることができず，79年1月辞職。

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