Astronomical road - Tenmondou

Chinese astronomy was established based on the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements. It was introduced to Japan via Korea in the 6th century. Under the Taiho Code, following the example of the Sui and Tang dynasties, astronomy specialists such as astronomy doctors were placed in the Onyo-ryo of the Ministry of Central Affairs. It is a method of knowing the weather and detecting abnormalities by observing the movements of the sun, moon, five stars, and 28 mansions, as well as the five clouds and 12 winds, which is different from today's astronomy. From the mid-Heian period, the duties of the Onyo-ryo were made a profession, but after Kamo Yasunori passed on the field of astronomy to his disciple Abe no Seimei, it was monopolized by his lineage, which is called the Tsuchimikado family. Therefore, the narrow sense of astronomy did not emerge until after the 10th century. After that, it became more of a superstition because it was mainly based on divining fortune by celestial phenomena. The methods and theories were compiled in the early Muromachi period in the "Hoki Naiden." At the end of the 17th century, the Edo Shogunate established the Tenmonkata (Chinese Tenmonkata), and its influence weakened.

[Shimoidetsumiyo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

陰陽五行(いんようごぎょう)説を母胎として成立した中国の天文学。6世紀ごろ朝鮮を経由して日本へ伝わった。大宝令(たいほうりょう)の制では隋唐(ずいとう)に倣って中務(なかつかさ)省の陰陽(おんよう)寮に天文博士(はかせ)らの専門職が置かれた。日月、五星、二十八宿などの運行や五雲、十二風気の気色をうかがって気節を知り異変を察する方術で、今日の天文学とは異なる。平安中期から陰陽寮の職務が世業化されるが、賀茂保憲(かものやすのり)が高弟安倍晴明(あべのせいめい)に天文分野を伝えてからその系統に独占され、これを土御門(つちみかど)家という。したがって、狭義の天文道出現は10世紀以後である。以後は天象により吉凶を判ずるのを中心としたから、さらに俗信化していった。その方法、理論は室町初期の『簠簋(ほき)内伝』に集大成されている。17世紀末、江戸幕府が天文方を設けてからその支配力は衰えた。

［下出積與］

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