Paired surname - Fukusei

It is one of the ways of expressing ancient clan names, and refers to double (or more) clan names such as Abe no Osada, as opposed to a single clan such as Abe. There are two types: those with the upper half of the clan in common (Nakatomi Ai, Nakatomi Ise) and those with the lower half in common (Oshimi no Kura, Tagima no Kura). The former was established in the 6th and 7th centuries when collateral clans took on compound surnames as a result of the division of the central clans in response to the formation of a high-ranking official class and the promotion of independent territorial management. Later, after the Nara period, it was mainly local clans that changed their surnames to compound surnames in order to fictitiously establish a kinship relationship with the central clans. The latter was a compound surname that was adopted by middle and lower ranking officials at roughly the same time as the former, and was the basis of the new government office system that was to reform the clan and surname system and Tomonomiyatsuko system.

[Kenkichi Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代の氏(うじ)の表現法の一つで、阿倍(あべ)のような単一の氏に対し阿倍他田(あべのおさだ)のごとく二重（乃至(ないし)それ以上）の氏を称するものをいう。氏の上半部が共通するもの（中臣藍(なかとみのあい)、中臣伊勢(なかとみのいせ)）と下半部が共通するもの（忍海倉(おしみのくら)、当麻倉(たぎまのくら)）の2種があり、前者は6、7世紀ころ、上級官人層の形成や独立的領地経営の推進に対応して生じた中央豪族の氏族内分裂の結果、傍系諸氏が複姓を名のる形で成立した。のち奈良朝以降は主として地方豪族が中央豪族との同族関係を擬制化する目的で複姓に改姓した。後者は前者とほぼ同時期に、氏姓制・伴造(とものみやつこ)制を母胎としつつ、これを変革する新しい官司制の基礎をなす中・下級の官人群が称した複姓である。

［加藤謙吉］

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