A device that cools water vapor (steam) and turns it back into water. It is used for two purposes, especially in steam engines. One is that by turning the steam discharged from the engine back into water, the pressure can be reduced below atmospheric pressure, which significantly increases the engine's output. The other is that the cooled steam that has turned into water (condensate) is of very high quality, just like distilled water, and is used to collect and reuse it. A condenser consists of a main body, an air extractor, a condensate pump, and a cooling pump. There are two types of main body: surface condensers, in which the steam and cooling water do not come into direct contact, and direct contact and mixing, but most steam engines use surface condensers. A surface condenser has a body into which steam enters and many pipes through which cooling water passes. The steam turns back into water on the surface of the cooling pipes and is collected in a condensate tank. If the inside of the condenser is only steam, the temperature of the cooling water is about 30°C, and the pressure inside the body is almost a vacuum (about 0.04 atmospheres). However, if air is inside, the pressure does not decrease, and the output of the steam engine does not increase. For this reason, an air extractor is used to constantly remove impurity gases such as air from inside the condenser. The condensate collected in the condensate sump is returned to the boiler by a condensate pump. [Hidetaro Nakayama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
水蒸気(蒸気)を冷却して水に戻す装置。とくに蒸気機関では二つの目的で使用される。一つは機関から排出された蒸気を水に戻すことによって、圧力を大気圧以下に下げることができ、機関出力が著しく大きくなるためである。もう一つは冷却して水になった蒸気(復水)は、蒸留水と同様にたいへん良質の水となるため、これを回収して再利用するのに使われる。復水器は本体と空気抽出器、復水ポンプ、冷却ポンプからなる。本体には蒸気と冷却水が直接接触しない表面復水器と、直接接触混合する形式があるが、蒸気機関ではほとんど表面復水器が用いられる。表面復水器は蒸気の入る胴と、その中に多数の冷却水の通る管を設けたもので、蒸気は冷却管の表面で水に戻り、復水だめに集められる。復水器内部が蒸気だけであれば、冷却水の温度が30℃程度で、胴内の圧力はほとんど真空(0.04気圧程度)になる。しかし、もし空気が入っていると圧力が低くならず、蒸気機関の出力も大きくならない。そのために空気抽出器で絶えず復水器内の空気などの不純ガスを取り除く。復水だめに集められた復水は復水ポンプでボイラーに戻される。 [中山秀太郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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