Mott, Lucretia

Japanese: モット(英語表記)Mott, Lucretia
Mott, Lucretia
Born January 3, 1793 in Nantucket, Massachusetts
[Died] November 11, 1880. Born near Abington, Pennsylvania. American social reform activist and women's rights activist. Maiden name Coffin. When she was young, she worked at an elementary school where the salary of men and women was half, which made her interested in women's rights. In 1811, she married her coworker J. Mott, and moved to Philadelphia, where the couple both joined the Society of Friends. Both joined the Anti-Slavery Society, and she was active as the women's division chief. In 1840, she and her husband attended the World Anti-Slavery Congress in London as American representatives, but were refused entry because they were women. She continued to advocate for women's rights, and in 1848, together with Mrs. E. Stanton, she organized a convention in Seneca Falls, New York, to expand women's status and rights. She continued to dedicate her life to the liberation of blacks and women, improving their status and lives, and the peace movement.

Mott
Mott, Sir Nevill (Francis)

Born: September 30, 1905, Leeds
[Died] August 8, 1996. Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. British theoretical physicist. After graduating from Cambridge, he was a lecturer at Manchester University (1929), a professor at Bristol University (1933-48), and a professor at Cambridge University (1954-71). He was a member of the Royal Society (36). He initially studied nuclear physics with N. Bohr and E. Rutherford, but later shifted his focus to metals, semiconductors, photographic plates, and later electrical conduction in amorphous materials. There are formulas named after him that describe the scattering of particle beams by atomic nuclei and the transition between conductors and insulators (→Mott transition). He was knighted in 1962 and awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977.

Mott
Mott, John Raleigh

Born May 25, 1865 in Livingston, New York
[Died] January 31, 1955. Born in Orlando, Florida. American religious activist. Served as secretary of the YMCA International Office from 1888 to 1915. Chairman of the World Mission Congress held in Edinburgh in 1910. The Congress was the forerunner of the modern church unification movement, which ultimately led to the establishment of the World Council of Churches (WCC). Chairman of the World Mission Congress from 1921 to 1942, and president of the World Alliance of YMCAs from 1926 to 1937. Shared the Nobel Peace Prize with EG Borch in 1946. Elected honorary president of the WCC in 1948.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1793.1.3. マサチューセッツ,ナンタケット
[没]1880.11.11. ペンシルバニア,アビントン近郊
アメリカの社会改革運動家,女権運動家。旧姓 Coffin。若い頃勤めた小学校で,男女の差だけで給料が半分であったことから,女権問題に興味をもった。 1811年同僚の J.モットと結婚,フィラデルフィアに移り,夫妻ともフレンド協会に入会。ともに反奴隷制協会に加わり彼女は婦人部長として活躍。 40年夫とともにロンドンの世界反奴隷制会議にアメリカ代表として参加したが,女性であるため出席を拒否された。これ以後もさらに婦人の権利を主張し,48年 E.スタントン夫人とともにニューヨーク州セネカフォールズにおいて婦人の地位と権利拡大のための大会を主催。その後も黒人,婦人の解放,地位と生活の向上,平和運動にその生涯を捧げた。

モット
Mott, Sir Nevill (Francis)

[生]1905.9.30. リーズ
[没]1996.8.8. バッキンガムシャー,ミルトンケーンズ
イギリスの理論物理学者。ケンブリッジ大学卒業後,マンチェスター大学講師 (1929) ,ブリストル大学教授 (33~48) を経て,ケンブリッジ大学教授 (54~71) 。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (36) 。初めは原子核物理学を専攻し,N.ボーアや E.ラザフォードとともに研究したが,その後,興味の中心を金属,半導体,写真乾板などに移し,のちには非晶質体の電気伝導の研究もした。原子核による粒子線の散乱,伝導体と絶縁体との間の転移を表わす公式などにモットの名を冠したものがある (→モット転移 ) 。 1962年ナイトの称号を授けられ,77年ノーベル物理学賞を授与された。

モット
Mott, John Raleigh

[生]1865.5.25. ニューヨーク州,リビングストン
[没]1955.1.31. フロリダ,オーランド
アメリカの宗教活動家。 1888~1915年 YMCA国際事務局の書記をつとめる。 1910年エディンバラで開かれた世界宣教会議で議長。同会議は近代教会統一運動のさきがけであり,最終的に世界教会協議会 (WCC) の成立にいたった。 21~42年世界宣教協議会議長,26~37年 YMCA世界同盟会長。 46年ノーベル平和賞を E.G.ボルチと共同受賞。 48年 WCC名誉会長に選出される。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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