…As a result, from the 13th century onwards, in many regions, stratification within the nobility progressed, and a distinction was made between high-ranking nobles with large estates and the narrower knighthood of lower-ranking nobles who served them. Examples of this new class of knights include the knights of England, the chevaliers of France, the Ritterschaft of Germany, and the hidalgos of Spain. Also, from the 12th and 13th centuries, as autonomous cities developed, the families of the wealthy upper classes of citizens within the civic community formed a closed class of “urban nobility.” … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ritterschaft" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その結果,13世紀以降,多くの地域で貴族の内部に階層分化が進行し,大きな所領をもつ高級貴族とこれに奉仕する下級貴族としての狭義の騎士身分の区別ができあがった。イギリスのナイトknights,フランスのシュバリエchevaliers,ドイツのリッターシャフトRitterschaft,スペインのイダルゴhidalgosなどがこの新しい騎士身分である。また,12,13世紀以来,自治都市が発展すると,市民共同体の内部でも富裕な上層市民の諸門閥が閉鎖的な〈都市貴族〉層を形成した。… ※「Ritterschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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