Renin (English spelling)

Japanese: レニン - れにん(英語表記)renin
Renin (English spelling)

It is a protease involved in the production of angiotensin, which has a vasoconstrictive effect and acts on the hypothalamus of vertebrates to induce drinking behavior, and is produced in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, the pituitary gland, and the submandibular gland. Its blood concentration decreases with high salt intake. Human renin is first synthesized as preprorenin, which consists of 406 amino acids, and then prorenin is formed by cleaving off the 23 residues of prepeptide at the N-terminus, and finally renin, which consists of 340 residues, by cleaving off the 43 residues of propeptide. Its molecular weight in humans is about 40,000, and it is a glycoprotein. Angiotensin I is produced by cleaving the peptide bond between the 10th and 11th leucine and valine (Leu-Val in pigs) from the amino terminus of angiotensinogen. This is further converted by angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe), which is a compound with eight amino acids, by cleaving off histidyl-leucine His-Leu from the carboxy terminus, and exerts a smooth muscle contraction effect, resulting in an increase in blood pressure due to strong vasoconstriction. Renin has a carboxyl group at the active site and is classified as an aspartic acid (acid) protease, but its optimum pH is neutral or slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.0). It is strongly inhibited by pepstatin, which is produced by actinomycetes.

[Koji Nomura]

"Renin and Hypertension" edited by Kokufu Tatsuro and Yamamoto Kenzaburo (1986, Medical Tribune) " ▽ "Hormone Handbook" edited by the Japanese Society for Comparative Endocrinology (1988, Nanzando) " ▽ "Protein Engineering" edited by Miura Kinichiro (1990, Tokyo Kagaku Dojin)""From Genetic Engineering to Protein Engineering" by Murakami Kazuo and Hori Hitoshi (1990, University of Tokyo Press)""Vascular Molecular Biology" edited by Hirata Yukio (1995, Medical Review Co., Ltd.)"Guide to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Clinical Practice" edited by Ogihara Toshio et al. (1995, Pharmaceutical Journal Co., Ltd.)""The Renin-Angiotensin System and Hypertension - Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Discovery of Renin" edited by Hiwada Kunio et al. (1998, Advanced Medicine Co., Ltd.)""The success story of research into circulatory regulatory peptides and factors in Japan" by Inagami Masashi et al. (1999, Nippon Rinshosha)""All about ACE inhibitors" edited by Hiwada Kunio et al. (1999, Advanced Medicine) " ▽ "Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and organ protection" edited by Ito Sadayoshi and Hori Shoji (2001, Medical Journal) " ▽ "History of hypertension research" edited by Hiwada Kunio (2002, Advanced Medicine)" ▽ "The kidneys and hypertension - the significance of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors" by Ito Sadayoshi (2003, Medical Review)

[References] | Aspartic acid | Amino acid | Drinking behavior | Submandibular gland | Pituitary gland |Glomerulus| Kidney | Glycoprotein | Valine | Protease | Peptide bond | Actinomycetes | Leucine

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

血管収縮作用をもち、脊椎(せきつい)動物の視床下部に働いて飲水行動を引き起こすアンジオテンシンの生成に関与するプロテアーゼで、腎臓(じんぞう)の傍糸球体細胞、下垂体、顎下腺(がくかせん)などでつくられる。血中濃度は食塩摂取量が多いと低下する。ヒトのレニンはまず406個のアミノ酸からなるプレプロレニンとして合成され、N末端のプレペプチド23残基を切り離してプロレニンとなり、さらに43残基のプロペプチドを切り離して最終的に340残基のレニンとなる。分子量はヒトでは約4万で、糖タンパク質である。アンジオテンシノーゲンのアミノ末端から10および11番目のロイシンとバリンLeu-Val(ブタではLeu-Leu)の間のペプチド結合を切断してアンジオテンシンⅠとする。これはさらに、アンジオテンシン変換酵素により、カルボキシ末端からヒスチジル‐ロイシンHis-Leuを切り離されてアミノ酸8個のアンジオテンシンⅡ(Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe)となり、平滑筋収縮作用を現し、強い血管収縮による血圧上昇をもたらす。レニンは活性部位にカルボキシ基(カルボキシル基)をもち、アスパラギン酸(酸性)プロテアーゼに分類されているが、至適pHは中性ないし弱酸性(pH5.5~6.0)である。放線菌がつくるペプスタチンに強く阻害される。

[野村晃司]

『国府達郎・山本研三郎編『レニンと高血圧』(1986・メディカルトリビューン)』『日本比較内分泌学会編『ホルモンハンドブック』(1988・南江堂)』『三浦謹一郎編『プロテインエンジニアリング』(1990・東京化学同人)』『村上和雄・堀比斗志著『遺伝子工学から蛋白質工学へ』(1990・東京大学出版会)』『平田結喜緒編『血管分子生物学』(1995・メディカルレビュー社)』『荻原俊男他編『実地診療におけるレニン・アンジオテンシン系抑制薬の手引』(1995・医薬ジャーナル社)』『日和田邦男他編著『レニン・アンジオテンシン系と高血圧――レニン発見100周年を記念して』(1998・先端医学社)』『稲上正他著『わが国における循環調節ペプチド・因子研究のサクセスストーリー』(1999・日本臨牀社)』『日和田邦男他編『ACE阻害薬のすべて』(1999・先端医学社)』『伊藤貞嘉・堀正二編『アンジオテンシン変換酵素阻害薬と臓器保護』(2001・医薬ジャーナル社)』『日和田邦男編『高血圧研究の歴史』(2002・先端医学社)』『伊藤貞嘉著『腎と高血圧――レニン・アンジオテンシン系抑制薬の意義』(2003・メディカルレビュー社)』

[参照項目] | アスパラギン酸 | アミノ酸 | 飲水行動 | 顎下腺 | 下垂体 | 糸球体 | 腎臓 | 糖タンパク質 | バリン | プロテアーゼ | ペプチド結合 | 放線菌 | ロイシン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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