Patriarch of Constantinople. Considered the leading advocate of Christian heresy. Born in Germanicia, Syria. Studied under Theodoros of Mopsuestia (c. 350-428), the most capable theologian of the Antiochene School. Renowned as an elder, monk, and preacher in Antioch. Called to the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 428 by the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II. Defended orthodoxy and was strict against heresy. However, he was tolerant of the Pelagians. Nestorius distinguished between the divinity and humanity of Christ, and preached against the honorific "Mother of God" (Theotokos θεοτκος) that was used for Mary by influential church fathers such as Gregory of Nazianzus at the time. He was condemned as a heretic and deposed at the Council of Ephesus in 431. In 436, he was banished to the depths of Egypt, where he lived a miserable life and died. His theological position became better known through his autobiographical work "Heraclides of Damascus" (discovered at the end of the 19th century and published in 1910). [Nobuo Nakazawa December 12, 2017] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コンスタンティノープルの総主教。キリスト教異端説の唱導者とされる。シリアのゲルマニキアに生まれる。アンティオキア学派のもっとも有能な神学者であるモプスエスティアのテオドロスTheodōros(350ころ―428)に師事した。アンティオキアの長老、修道士であり、また説教者として名声を博した。428年、ビザンティン帝国皇帝テオドシウス2世によってコンスタンティノープルの総主教職に招聘(しょうへい)された。正統信仰を擁護し、異端には厳しく反対した。しかしペラギウス派には寛大であった。ネストリウスはキリストの神性と人性を区別し、当時、ナジアンゾスのグレゴリオスなど有力な教父たちがマリアに対して用いていた「神の母」(テオトコスθεοτκος)という尊称に反対する説教を行い、431年、エフェソス公会議で異端と断罪され、罷免された。436年、エジプトの奥地に追放され、悲惨な生活を送り没した。自叙伝風の『ダマスコのヘラクレイデス論』(19世紀末発見され、1910年刊行)によって彼の神学的な立場がよりよく知られるようになった。 [中沢宣夫 2017年12月12日] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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