Abdominal breathing - abdominal breathing

Japanese: 腹式呼吸 - ふくしきこきゅう
Abdominal breathing - abdominal breathing

Respiratory movement is carried out by the expansion of the rib cage and the contraction of the diaphragm, and the type of breathing in which the contraction of the diaphragm is the main force is called abdominal breathing. In abdominal breathing, the contraction of the diaphragm pushes down the abdominal organs and pushes the abdominal wall forward, whereas in thoracic breathing, the activity of the intercostal muscles is prominent, and the chest moves well. The movement of the diaphragm during breathing is about 1.5 centimeters during quiet breathing, and 6 to 7 centimeters during deep breathing. During deep breathing, the spine extends further and lifts the rib cage upward, so the true lowering of the diaphragm reaches 10 centimeters. In addition, since the total surface area of ​​the diaphragm is about 30 square centimeters, ventilation of 450 milliliters during quiet breathing and about 3,000 milliliters during maximum inspiration can be achieved by the movement of the diaphragm.

It is often said that men breathe abdominally and women breathe chest, but as mentioned above, the role of the diaphragm in breathing is very large, so in both men and women, the proportion of diaphragmatic breathing is usually dominant. However, this proportion is influenced by posture, clothing, pregnancy, etc., and there are large individual differences.

[Yoshiyuki Honda]

[Reference] | Breathing

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

呼吸運動は胸郭の拡張と横隔膜の収縮によって営まれるが、横隔膜の収縮が主となるような呼吸の型を腹式呼吸とよぶ。腹式呼吸では、横隔膜の収縮という活動が腹部内臓を押し下げ、腹壁を前方に押し出すという様式をとるのに対し、胸式呼吸では、肋間(ろっかん)筋の活動が著明となり、胸部がよく動くという様式となる。横隔膜の呼吸による移動の大きさは、安静呼吸時で約1.5センチメートル、深呼吸時では6~7センチメートルに達する。深呼吸時では、さらに脊柱(せきちゅう)の伸展がおこって胸郭が上方に持ち上げられるため、真の横隔膜の低下は10センチメートルにも達することとなる。また、横隔膜の総表面積は約30平方センチメートルであるから、安静呼吸時で450ミリリットル、最大吸気で約3000ミリリットルもの換気が横隔膜の運動によって成し遂げられることになる。

 呼吸の仕方において、男子は腹式、女子は胸式呼吸をするとよくいわれるが、前述のように呼吸のうえで横隔膜の占める役割は非常に大きいため、普通は男女ともに横隔膜による呼吸の割合のほうが優越している。ただし、姿勢や服装、妊娠などによって、その割合は影響されるし、個人差も大きい。

[本田良行]

[参照項目] | 呼吸

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