It refers to a spontaneous, long-term relationship within formal relationships in organizations such as management bodies and government agencies that are consciously formed to achieve a certain goal. Its existence was first pointed out in the Hawthorne Experiments, conducted at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company in the United States from 1924 to 1932, which clarified the relationship between work efficiency/productivity and human relationships, the nature of supervision and workers' motivation to work. While formal relationships aim for "efficiency," informal relationships are formed to satisfy members' needs for social relationships, approval, friendship, prestige, etc. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ある目的達成のため意識的に形成された経営体や官庁などの組織において,フォーマルな関係の内部での自生的かつ長期的関係をいう。この存在をはじめて指摘したのは,アメリカのウェスタン・エレクトリック会社のホーソーン工場で1924‐32年に行われたホーソーン実験で,作業能率・生産性と人間関係,監督のあり方と作業者の労働意欲との関係を明らかにした。フォーマルな関係が志向するのは〈能率〉であるのに対し,インフォーマルな関係は,メンバーの社会的関係,是認,友情,威信などの欲求充足のために形成される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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