It is translated as "fundamentalism." A Christian faith movement that arose especially in America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the influence of European liberal theology reached the American Protestant churches, and which sought to resist this theology and adhere to the fundamental doctrines of faith. It opposed Darwin's theory of evolution, historical higher criticism of the Bible, modernism, and the secularization of the church. It interpreted the Bible based on the theory of literal inspiration and maintained traditional positions of faith, which led to the division of churches and denominations. The Conservative Protestant Bible Conference held in Niagara in 1895 listed the following as the "Five Points of Fundamentalism": the literal inerrancy of the Bible, the divinity of Jesus Christ, the virgin birth, the theory of substitutionary atonement, and the bodily resurrection and bodily second coming of Christ. In modern America, in response to the breakdown of the family and sexual promiscuity, fundamentalist groups such as the "Moral Majority" are calling for the restoration of traditional views of the family and a sense of community. As they base their criticism on the Bible, they have taken up specific issues of criticism, such as abortion and the content of textbooks (the theory of evolution). Politically, they have a tendency similar to that of the New Right. Generally, this term is used to refer to ideologies and movements that advocate a return to traditional values in opposition to the current chaos in social order and the decline of morality. Islamic fundamentalism is a prime example of this. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
根本主義と訳される。 19世紀末から 20世紀初頭にかけてヨーロッパの自由主義神学の影響がアメリカのプロテスタント教会に及び,この神学に抵抗して信仰の根本的教理を固守しようとして,特にアメリカに起ったキリスト教信仰運動。ダーウィンの進化論,聖書の歴史的高等批評,近代主義,教会の世俗化などに反対した。聖書を逐語霊感説によって解釈し,信仰の伝統的立場を固持して教会教派の分裂を招いた。 1895年ナイアガラで開かれた保守的プロテスタント聖書会議は「ファンダメンタリズム5項目」として次のものをあげている。聖書の逐語無謬,イエス・キリストの神性,処女降誕,代理贖罪説,キリストの身体的復活と身体的再臨。現代アメリカでは家庭崩壊や性の乱れに対して,伝統的家族観や共同体意識の復権が「モラル・マジョリティ」などの根本主義の団体から叫ばれている。また聖書を根本原理とすることから人工妊娠中絶や教科書内容 (進化論) を具体的な批判対象として問題化している。政治的にはニュー・ライトの傾向に近いものがある。なお,一般に原理主義といわれ,現存する社会秩序の混乱や道徳心の頽廃に対抗して伝統的価値観への回帰を主張する思想および運動をさすこともある。イスラム原理主義はその代表的なものである。
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