Tokyo Station

Japanese: 東京駅 - とうきょうえき

Located in Marunouchi, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo, this JR passenger station serves as the main entrance to the capital, Tokyo. It is the starting point of the Tokaido-Sanyo Shinkansen, Tohoku Shinkansen, Tokaido Main Line, Tohoku Main Line, and Sobu Main Line, and is also served by the Keihin-Tohoku Line and Yamanote Line. It also has platforms for the Joetsu Shinkansen, Hokuriku Shinkansen, Yamagata Shinkansen, Akita Shinkansen, Chuo Main Line, Yokosuka Line, Sobu Line, Uchibo Line, and Sotobo Line.

Tokyo Station on the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line is located on the Marunouchi side, and between it and Yurakucho Station on the Yamanote Line is Tokyo Station on the Keiyo Line (opened in 1988).

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

Construction of station building

Construction of the station building began in 1908 (Meiji 41) and was completed in 1914 (Taisho 3). Designed by Tatsuno Kingo, professor of the Department of Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University at the time, it was completed as a Renaissance-style brick building, appropriate for the main entrance of the capital, Tokyo. It was damaged in 1945 (Showa 20), but was restored in 1947, preserving its original appearance, and is beloved as an example of Western-style architecture from the Meiji period. Before World War II, the Yaesu exit on the east side was a back entrance adjacent to the outer moat, lined with shabby ticket booths, but after the war the outer moat was filled in and the Railway Hall was built in 1954 with private capital, and a department store (Daimaru) and specialty shops were opened here, and the Yaesu side developed significantly (in 2007 the Railway Hall was closed, and Daimaru and other stores were relocated to the high-rise twin tower building "Gran Tokyo"). The Marunouchi and Yaesu sides have a north, central, and south exit, respectively, and there is a passageway at the north exit that connects the two entrances. In 1964, the Tokaido Shinkansen platform was completed on the Yaesu side, and in 1972, the Sobu Line, Yokosuka Line, and other lines were completed on the Marunouchi side, five stories underground. In 1991, the Tohoku and Joetsu Shinkansen platforms were completed, and in 1995, the Chuo Line elevated platform was completed. The number of passengers at this station is the fourth highest among JR East stations, after Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and Shibuya (average daily passengers: approx. 804,500, estimated for 2012).

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

The Marunouchi Station building, designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan in 2003, underwent reconstruction work beginning in 2007 to improve safety and convenience. While preserving the main parts such as the exterior walls, the dome-shaped roof and some of the exterior walls that were destroyed by fire during the war were restored to their original appearance, and the building began operation in October 2012.

[Editorial Department]

Around Tokyo Station

Marunouchi was a reclaimed area after Tokugawa Ieyasu entered the Edo period, and as the name Daimyo-koji suggests, it was the site of the residences of related feudal lords and vassals of the feudal lord family. After the Meiji Restoration, the land became land for the army, but was later sold to Mitsubishi (Iwasaki family), and in 1894 (Meiji 27), Mitsubishi Building No. 1, a red brick British-style Western-style building, was completed, followed by Buildings No. 2 and 3, and in 1911 Building No. 13. With the appearance of these British-style buildings spanning a block (about 100 meters), the area eventually became a cityscape known as "London." With the opening of Tokyo Station, Marunouchi developed into a city of high-rise buildings for administrative purposes. Surrounding the station square are Shin-Maru Building (the original building was completed in 1952 and demolished in 2004, the new building was completed in 2007), Maru Building (the original building was completed in 1923 and demolished in 1997, the current building was completed in 2002), and JP Tower (completed in 2012). On the Yaesu side, on the site of the former International Tourist Center, are Gran Tokyo North Tower and South Tower, both completed in 2007, as well as a large underground shopping mall.

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

"The Birth of Tokyo Station" edited by Hideo Shima (1990, Kashima Publishing Co., Ltd.)

[References] | Tatsuno Kingo | Marunouchi | Yaesu

Tokyo Station
This JR passenger station serves as the main entrance to the capital, Tokyo. Marunouchi Honya (pictured) was designed by architect Tatsuno Kingo and completed in 1914 (Taisho 3). It was damaged in war in 1945 (Showa 20), but was rebuilt in 1947, reducing the three-storey building to two stories while preserving the original appearance. It was restored to its original appearance when it opened in 2012 (Heisei 24). The brick building is approximately 335m long, with the north and south domes about 35m high. A seismic isolation structure was used for the restoration work. Nationally designated Important Cultural Property Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo ©Shogakukan Photo by Hayashi Kouki ">

Tokyo Station

Tokyo Station Marunouchi Bookstore Center
The main entrance in the center of the station building. It is used by the emperor and state guests. The first floor has a stone-roofed carriage entrance. Nationally designated important cultural property Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo ©Shogakukan Photo by Hiroki Hayashi ">

Tokyo Station Marunouchi Bookstore Center

Tokyo Station Marunouchi Bookstore North Dome
Inside the North Dome, where the Marunouchi North Exit ticket gates are located. The dome, which is the ceiling of the third floor, is about 30m high and 20m in diameter. During the station building restoration work in 2012, it was restored based on photographic materials from the time of the station's opening. It features reliefs of an eagle, the eight animals of the Chinese zodiac, a phoenix, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi's helmet. Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo ©Shogakukan Photo by Hayashi Hiroki ">

Tokyo Station Marunouchi Bookstore North Dome

Tokyo Station night view
Marunouchi Bookstore is lit up. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are used for lighting, with six different lighting techniques used depending on the part of the building. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo ©Shogakukan Photo by Hiroki Hayashi ">

Tokyo Station night view

Tokyo Station (Taisho era)
The station building was completed in 1914 (Taisho 3). Photo Collection of Scenic Places and Historic Sites of Japan, Kanto Region (1918 (Taisho 7)) owned by the National Diet Library .

Tokyo Station (Taisho era)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東京都千代田区丸の内にある首都東京の表玄関をなすJR旅客駅。東海道・山陽新幹線、東北新幹線、東海道本線、東北本線、総武(そうぶ)本線の起点であるとともに、京浜東北線・山手線が通じ、さらに上越新幹線、北陸新幹線、山形新幹線、秋田新幹線、中央本線、横須賀線・総武線、内房(うちぼう)線・外房(そとぼう)線の発着ホームがある。

　丸の内側に東京地下鉄丸ノ内線の東京駅があり、山手線有楽町駅との間に京葉線東京駅（1988年開業）がある。

［沢田　清］

駅舎の建設

駅舎は1908年（明治41）起工、1914年（大正3）竣工(しゅんこう)した。首都東京の表玄関にふさわしいように、当時東京帝国大学工学科教授の辰野金吾(たつのきんご)の設計により、ルネサンス様式、れんが造りの建物として完成した。1945年（昭和20）戦災を受けたが、1947年旧観を残して復興、明治時代の西洋風建築の一つとして親しまれている。第二次世界大戦前、東側の八重洲(やえす)口は、外堀に接し粗末な切符売場が並ぶ裏口であったが、戦後は外堀が埋め立てられ、1954年民間資本を導入した鉄道会館がつくられ、ここにデパート（大丸(だいまる)）や専門店が入り、八重洲口側は大きく発展した（2007年鉄道会館は閉鎖、大丸等は高層ツインタワービル「グラントウキョウ」に移転）。出入口は丸の内口、八重洲口側にそれぞれ北口、中央口、南口があり、北口に両側の出入口を結ぶ連絡通路がある。1964年に八重洲口側に東海道新幹線の発着ホームが完成し、1972年には、丸の内口側に地下5階の総武線・横須賀線などのホームが完成した。さらに1991年（平成3）、東北・上越新幹線ホーム、1995年には中央線高架ホームがそれぞれ完成した。乗降客数はJR東日本の駅では新宿、池袋、渋谷駅に次いで第4位（1日平均約80万4500人、2012年度推計）となっている。

［沢田　清］

　2003年（平成15）に国の重要文化財に指定された丸の内駅舎は、安全性と利便性向上のため、2007年から改築工事が行われた。外壁など主要部分を保存しながら、戦災で焼失したドーム型屋根や一部外壁などを創建当時の姿で復原し、2012年10月に供用開始された。

［編集部］

東京駅の周辺

丸の内は、徳川家康入府後、埋め立てられた地区で、大名小路の名のように親藩、譜代(ふだい)大名の屋敷地であった。明治維新後、陸軍用地となったが、その後三菱(みつびし)（岩崎家）に売り渡され、1894年（明治27）赤れんが造りのイギリス風洋館の三菱第1号館が竣工(しゅんこう)し、続いて2、3号館ができ、1911年には13号館が完成した。一丁（約100メートル）に渡るイギリス風洋館の出現でやがて「一丁ロンドン」とよばれるビル街となった。東京駅開設によって丸の内は事務管理機能の高層ビル街として発展を遂げた。駅前広場を囲んで、新丸ビル（1952年竣工の初代ビルは2004年解体、新ビルは2007年竣工）、丸ビル（1923年竣工の初代ビルは1997年解体、現在のものは2002年竣工）、JPタワー（2012年竣工）などがある。一方、八重洲口側には、国際観光会館の跡地などに2007年竣工のグラントウキョウノースタワー、同サウスタワーなどがあるほか、大地下商店街が広がる。

［沢田　清］

『島秀雄編『東京駅誕生』（1990・鹿島出版会）』

[参照項目] | 辰野金吾 | 丸の内 | 八重洲

東京駅
首都東京の表玄関をなすJR旅客駅。丸の内本屋（写真）は建築家辰野金吾の設計により、1914年（大正3）に竣工した。1945年（昭和20）戦災を受けたが、1947年に旧観を残しつつ3階建てを2階建てとして再建。2012年（平成24）開業当時の姿に復原された。れんが造建築で、全長約335m、南北のドーム部分の高さは約35m。復原工事に際し、免震構造が採用された。国指定重要文化財　東京都千代田区©Shogakukan　撮影／林　紘輝">

東京駅

東京駅丸の内本屋中央部

東京駅丸の内本屋北ドーム部
丸の内北口改札のある北ドームの内部。3階部分の天井にあたるドームは、高さ約30m、直径約20m。2012年（平成24）の駅舎復原工事の際、開業当時の写真資料などをもとに復原された。ワシ、八つの干支、鳳凰、豊臣秀吉の兜のレリーフなどが施されている。東京都千代田区©Shogakukan　撮影／林　紘輝">

東京駅丸の内本屋北ドーム部

東京駅の夜景

東京駅（大正時代）
1914年（大正3）に竣工した駅舎。『日本名勝旧蹟産業写真集　関東地方之部』（1918年〈大正7〉）国立国会図書館所蔵">

東京駅（大正時代）

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