British playwright. Born in the working-class of London as the son of a Jewish tailor. After studying at an acting school for a while, he wrote many poems and novels while continuing to tour the country, and began his playwriting career with the one-act play Room (1957). His first multi-act play, The Birthday Party (1958), which depicted how the elusive past destroys the present, was a box office failure, but he established his reputation with The Caretaker (1960), which dealt with a mild dispute over a place. Since then, a series of works centered on humans as beings governed by time and the uncertainty of human memory, such as Coming Home (1965), Landscape (1968), Silence (1969), Old Days (1971), Nowhere Country (1975), and Betrayal (1978), have led him to be regarded as one of the most interesting playwrights in post-World War II Britain. During this time, he wrote works for radio and television, such as A Faint Pain (1959), The Collection (1961), The Lover (1963), and The Basement (1967). All of these were later adapted for the stage. Since the 1980s, he has shown an interest in politics, harshly criticizing the violence of totalitarian regimes in works such as A Drink for a Cheer (1984), Words from the Mountain (1988), and Time for a Party (1991). At the same time, he also produced works that dealt with the fantastical past, such as Voices of the Family (1981), Alaska as it Were (1982), and Moonlight (1993), but in Ashes to Ashes (1996), the two tendencies are successfully fused together. His plays are characterized by the way they extract the absurdity that lurks in everyday situations and exude a sense of both horror and humor, and his condensed style, which makes frequent use of silence, creates a kind of theatrical poetry. He has also written many screenplays. He was also active as a director, and in the 1990s he often appeared on stage as an actor in staging his own old plays. He was also known for his anti-war activism, and took an opposing stance against the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 and the Iraq War in 2003. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005. [Tetsuo Kishi] "The Complete Works of Harold Pinter, translated by Yuji Odashima, Tetsuo Kishi, and Koji Numazawa, 3 volumes (1977, Shinchosha)" [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの劇作家。ユダヤ人の仕立屋の子としてロンドンの下町に生まれる。しばらく俳優学校で学んだのち、地方巡業を続けながら多くの詩や小説を書き、一幕物『部屋』(1957)によって劇作活動に入った。とらえがたい過去が現在の生活を破壊するありさまを描いた最初の多幕物『バースデイ・パーティ』(1958)は興行的には失敗したが、一つの場所をめぐる穏微な争いを扱った『管理人』(1960)によって名声を確立。以来、『帰郷』(1965)、『風景』(1968)、『沈黙』(1969)、『昔の日々』(1971)、『誰(だれ)もいない国』(1975)、『背信』(1978)など、時間に支配される存在としての人間と人間の記憶の不確かさとを中心にすえた一連の作品によって、第二次世界大戦後のイギリスのもっとも興味ある劇作家とみなされるに至った。この間、ラジオやテレビのために『かすかな痛み』(1959)、『コレクション』(1961)、『恋人』(1963)、『地下室』(1967)などを執筆。これらはいずれもその後に舞台化された。1980年代以後は政治的関心を表面に出すようになり、『景気づけに一杯』(1984)、『山の言葉』(1988)、『パーティの時間』(1991)などによって、全体主義体制の暴力を厳しく批判した。他方、過去を幻想的に扱った『家族の声』(1981)、『いわばアラスカ』(1982)、『月の光』(1993)などを並行して発表したが、『灰から灰へ』(1996)では、両者の傾向がうまく融合している。彼の劇は日常的状況のなかに潜む不条理を摘出して恐怖感と滑稽(こっけい)感を同時に醸し出すところに特色があり、沈黙を多用する凝縮された文体によって、一種の劇場詩をつくっている。映画シナリオの執筆も多い。演出家としても精力的に活動し、また1990年代には、自らの旧作の上演に際してしばしば俳優として舞台に立った。反戦活動でも知られ、1999年の北大西洋条約機構(NATO)軍によるユーゴスラビア空爆や、2003年に起きたイラク戦争では反対の立場をとっていた。2005年ノーベル文学賞受賞。 [喜志哲雄] 『小田島雄志・喜志哲雄・沼澤洽治訳『ハロルド・ピンター全集』全3巻(1977・新潮社)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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