The highest-ranking court among the lower courts as defined by the Constitution (Articles 2 and 15-22 of the Court Act). It is also simply called the High Court. It corresponds to the Court of Appeal under the old system, and was established based on the Court Act promulgated in 1947 (Showa 22). As of 2010 (Heisei 22), there are eight courts in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, Sendai, Sapporo, and Takamatsu, and there are six branches: the Kanazawa branch of the Nagoya High Court, the Okayama branch and Matsue branch of the Hiroshima High Court, the Miyazaki branch and Naha branch of the Fukuoka High Court, and the Akita branch of the Sendai High Court. In addition, the Intellectual Property High Court has been established as a special branch of the Tokyo High Court. In principle, the High Court consists of a Chief Justice and an appropriate number of judges, who are further assigned to groups of judges that make up a collegial body within each High Court (called a division). These divisions become the court as a judicial body. In addition, each High Court has a secretariat to handle general affairs. The cases before the High Court include: (1) Appeal cases (appeals against first instance decisions of district courts, family court decisions, and summary court criminal decisions) The High Court is delegated the power to make rules by the Supreme Court. Under the supervision of the Supreme Court, the High Court has the authority over judicial administration (such as personnel affairs of administrative officials), and carries out this judicial administration through discussions at the Judges' Conference. The Judges' Conference is chaired by the Chief Justice of the High Court and is composed of all the judges of the High Court. [Yoshinobu Homma] [Reference] | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
憲法でいう下級裁判所のなかで最上級に位する裁判所(裁判所法2条・15条~22条)。単に高裁とも略称される。旧制度下の控訴院に相当し、1947年(昭和22)公布の裁判所法に拠(よ)って発足。2010年(平成22)時点で、東京、大阪、名古屋、広島、福岡、仙台、札幌、高松の8か所にあり、支部として、名古屋高裁の金沢支部、広島高裁の岡山支部・松江支部、福岡高裁の宮崎支部・那覇支部、仙台高裁の秋田支部の6か所がある。また、東京高裁には特別の支部として、知的財産高等裁判所が設置されている。 高等裁判所は、高等裁判所長官および相応な員数の判事からなるのが原則であり、これがさらに各高等裁判所内で合議体を構成する裁判官の組合せ(これを部という)に配属される。この部が裁判機関としての裁判所ということになる。このほか、各高等裁判所に、庶務をつかさどるため事務局が付置される。 高等裁判所が扱う事件には次のものがある。 (1)控訴事件(地方裁判所の第一審判決、家庭裁判所の判決および簡易裁判所の刑事に関する判決に対する控訴事件) 高等裁判所には最高裁判所の委任により規則制定権が与えられる。また、最高裁判所の監督の下に、高等裁判所は司法行政(事務官等の人事など)上の権限を有し、裁判官会議の議によりこの司法行政事務を行う。裁判官会議は、高等裁判所長官を議長として、所属裁判官全員で組織される。 [本間義信] [参照項目] | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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