Russian Tsar (reigned 1682-1725). Son of Alexei Mikhailovich. A typical example of an enlightened despot. He studied in England and the Netherlands, importing Western European technology and culture, and worked to enrich the country and strengthen its military. After a defeat in the early stages of the Northern War with Sweden, he began military reform and established government-run steelworks and textile factories. In 1703, he built a new capital, St. Petersburg, and took control of the Baltic coast. With the help of Menshikov and others, he improved the bureaucratic system, made the Tsar's power absolute, and finally established the serfdom. He was called Imperator (Emperor) and known as the Great, and became the founder of the Russian Empire. He was succeeded by Empress Catherine I. Related topics: Schlüter | Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union | Tsarism | Paul I | Peter and Paul Fortress | Battle of Poltava | Mazepa | Russia | Russian language | Romanov dynasty Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ロシア皇帝(在位1682年−1725年)。アレクセイ・ミハイロビチの子。啓蒙専制君主の典型。自ら英国,オランダに留学して西欧の技術文化の輸入を図り,富国強兵に努めた。スウェーデンとの北方戦争の緒戦における敗北を契機に軍制改革に着手,また官営の製鉄所や織物工場を設置。1703年新都ペテルブルグ(サンクト・ペテルブルク)を建設し,バルト海沿岸を制圧。メンシコフらの協力も得て官僚機構を整備し,ツァーリの権力を絶対的なものにするとともに,農奴制度を最終的に確立した。インペラートル(皇帝)を称して大帝と呼ばれ,ロシア帝国の建設者となった。皇后エカチェリナ1世が後を継いだ。 →関連項目シュリューター|ソビエト連邦科学アカデミー|ツァーリズム|パーベル[1世]|ペトロパブロフスク要塞|ポルタワの戦|マゼパ|ロシア|ロシア語|ロマノフ朝 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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