Among compounds (solids) that are expressed in the form of two or more salts combined, this refers to those in which each component ion exists as it is. For example, carnallite KCl・MgCl 2 contains only K + , Mg 2+ , and Cl - , and does not contain an atomic group (complex ion) such as [MgCl 3 ] - , so it is a typical double salt. On the other hand, potassium chloroplatinate K 2 PtCl 6 can be written formally as 2KCl・PtCl 4 , but it does not contain Cl - or Pt 4+ , and only K + and [PtCl 6 ] 2- , so it cannot be called a double salt. Among the salts that have usually been called double salts, there are quite a few that contain complex ions, i.e., are complex salts, as their structures have been elucidated through advances in X-ray crystallography. If we adopt a broad definition that includes aqua ions coordinated with water molecules as complex ions, even potassium alum KAl(SO 4 ) 2・12H 2 O, which has been considered a typical double salt, is in fact a complex salt with the structure [K(OH 2 ) 6 ][Al(OH 2 ) 6 ][SO 4 ) 2. Therefore, it is difficult to draw a line between complex salts and double salts. [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
2種以上の塩が結合した形で表現される化合物(固体)のうち、各成分イオンがそれぞれのままで存在するものをいう。たとえばカーナル石KCl・MgCl2の中には、K+、Mg2+、Cl-のみがあり、[MgCl3]-のような原子団(錯イオン)はないから典型的な複塩である。一方、塩化白金酸カリウムK2PtCl6は、形式上2KCl・PtCl4と書けるが、この中にはCl-、Pt4+は存在せず、K+と[PtCl6]2-しかないので複塩とはよべない。 通常、複塩とよばれてきたもののなかにも、X線結晶解析の進展により構造が明らかにされると、複雑な錯イオンを含むものが、つまり錯塩であることが判明した例は少なくない。水分子の配位したアクアイオンも錯イオンに含める広義の定義を採用すると、複塩の典型とされてきたカリウムミョウバンKAl(SO4)2・12H2Oすら実は[K(OH2)6][Al(OH2)6](SO4)2の構造となっている錯塩である。したがって錯塩と複塩との区別に一線を画することは困難である。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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