Singer, Isaac Bashevis

Japanese: シンガー（英語表記）Singer， Isaac Bashevis

Born: July 14, 1904, Poland
[Died] July 24, 1991, Florida American novelist. His father was a Hasidic rabbi, a branch of Judaism with a strong mystical overtone, and his works reflect this philosophy. He moved to the United States in 1935 and became a reporter for the Jewish Daily Howard, where he mainly published novels in Yiddish. His novels, which use allegorical and fantastical Polish Jewish folk tales to depict dualistic conflicts between tradition and anti-tradition, good and evil, and body and soul, have been translated into English and have received high praise in the English-speaking world. His first work, Satan in Goray (1955 English translation, same below), was written in 1934, but he gained recognition through the short story "Gimpel's Devil," translated by S. Bellow (53). His main works include the epic novels The Manor (67) and The Estate (70), set in 19th century Poland and dealing with the conflict between Jewish tradition and modern thought, The Magician of Lublin (60), A Little Boy in Search of God (76), a collection of short stories A Friend of Kafka (70), and Passions (74). He also wrote about ten excellent children's novels, autobiographies, and plays, including Why Noah Chose the Dove (74). He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978.

singer
Singer Company

A sewing machine manufacturer in the United States. Its predecessor was IM Singer, which was founded in 1851 by inventor Isaac Singer, who succeeded in creating a practical sewing machine in 1850, and E. Clark. It was established as Singer Manufacturing in 1863, and became Singer in 1963. It established a trade-in system and monthly installment sales system early on, becoming a leading manufacturer in the sewing machine industry. However, after World War II, it was unable to adapt to the wave of technological innovation, and its performance stagnated due to pressure from Japanese sewing machine manufacturers. From around the end of the 1950s, it moved away from sewing machines to recover its performance, and began to handle furniture, stereos, power tools, knitting machines, air conditioners, and records. In 1963, it acquired the office machine manufacturer Frieden, and in 1968, the military and space development company General Precision, entering new fields and reorganizing and integrating its office equipment and other business divisions. In 2004, the sewing machine business and brand were acquired by the investment company KSIN Holdings, and in 2006 it became a subsidiary of SVP Worldwide.

singer
Singer, David J.

Born: December 7, 1925, Brooklyn, New York. American international political scientist. Graduated from Duke University, and received his Ph.D. from New York University in 1956. After teaching at New York University and Vassar College, he moved to the University of Michigan in 1958, where he became a professor in the political science department in 1965. He contributed energetically to Conflict Resolution, World Politics, and other academic journals, and promoted the introduction of quantitative analysis and mathematical methods to international politics, while raising the issue of the level of analysis to correct the confusion in international political science research. His representative works include "Financing International Organization" (1961), "Deterrence, Arms Control, and Disarmament" (62), and "Human Behavior and International Politics" (65).

singer
Singer, Isaac Merrit

Born: October 27, 1811, New York
[Died] July 23, 1875. Devonshire, England. American inventor and entrepreneur. Became a machinist at the age of 19, and obtained patents for a jackhammer in 1839 and a machine for metal and woodworking in 1849. In 1851, he developed and patented a sewing machine with an automatic propulsion mechanism. In 1873, he collaborated with E. Clark, a wealthy New York lawyer, to establish Singer Manufacturing, which began manufacturing and selling practical sewing machines and home sewing machines. His successful sales policy, which adopted new methods such as direct sales and monthly installment sales, allowed him to expand his sales channels overseas and he became the world's largest sewing machine manufacturer. By the early 20th century, Singer sewing machines were being used all over the world.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1904.7.14. ポーランド
[没]1991.7.24. フロリダ
アメリカの小説家。父がユダヤ教の一派で神秘的色彩の濃いハシディズムのラビであり，彼の作品にもその思想がみられる。 1935年渡米，『ジューイッシュ・デーリー・ホワード』の記者となり，主として同紙にイディシュ語で小説を発表した。ポーランド系ユダヤ人の寓話的，幻想的民話を利用し，伝統と反伝統，善悪，肉体と霊魂などの二元的対立を描くその作品は，英訳されて英語圏でも高い評価を得ている。処女作は 34年執筆の『ゴレイの悪魔』 Satan in Goray (1955英訳，以下同) であるが，S.ベローが英訳 (53) した短編「ギンペルの悪魔」によって認められた。おもな作品は，19世紀のポーランドを舞台に，ユダヤ教の伝統と近代思想の相克に悩むカルマン一家を扱う大河小説『荘園』 The Manor (67) および『土地』 The Estate (70) をはじめ，『ルブリンの魔術師』 The Magician of Lublin (60) ，『神を捜す少年』A Little Boy in Search of God (76) ，短編集『カフカの友』A Friend of Kafka (70) ，『情熱』 Passions (74) など。ほかに『なぜノアは鳩を選んだか』 Why Noah Chose the Dove (74) など 10冊あまりのすぐれた児童向けの小説や自伝，戯曲がある。 78年ノーベル文学賞受賞。

シンガー
Singer Company

アメリカ合衆国のミシンメーカー。1850年実用ミシンの製作に成功した発明家のアイザック・シンガーが，1851年 E.クラークと結んで設立した I.M.シンガーがその前身。1863年シンガー・マニュファクチュアリングとして設立，1963年シンガーとなる。下取り制度，月賦販売制度などを早くから確立してミシン業界のトップメーカーとなった。しかし第2次世界大戦後は技術革新の波に適応できず，日本のミシンメーカーに押されて業績が停滞。1950年末頃から業績立て直しのための脱ミシン路線がとられ，家具，ステレオ，電動工具，編機，冷暖房機，レコードなどを手がけ始めた。1963年に事務機メーカーのフリーデン，1968年には軍事・宇宙開発会社のゼネラル・プレシジョンを買収し，新たな分野に進出，事務機器ほか事業部門の整理・統合を進めた。2004年ミシン事業とブランドが投資会社 KSINホールディングスに買収され，2006年には SVPワールドワイドの傘下ブランドとなった。

シンガー
Singer， David J.

[生]1925.12.7. ニューヨーク，ブルックリン
アメリカの国際政治学者。デューク大学を卒業，1956年にニューヨーク大学から博士号を取得。ニューヨーク大学，バッサー・カレッジで教えたあと，58年ミシガン大学に移り，65年同大学政治学部教授。『コンフリクト・リゾリューション』誌，『ワールド・ポリティックス』誌その他の学会誌に精力的に寄稿して，国際政治学に数量分析，数理的手法を導入する機運を盛上げる一方，分析レベルの問題を提起して国際政治学研究の混乱を正そうとした。"Financing International Organization" (1961) ，"Deterrence，Arms Control，and Disarmament" (62) ，"Human Behavior and International Politics" (65) などが代表的著述。

シンガー
Singer， Isaac Merrit

[生]1811.10.27. ニューヨーク
[没]1875.7.23. イングランド，デボンシャー
アメリカの発明家，企業家。 19歳で機械工となり，1839年削岩機，49年金属木工用機械の特許を取得。 51年さらに自動推進機構をもつ裁縫機械を開発，特許をとる。 73年ニューヨークの富豪で法律家の E.クラークと協力してシンガー・マニュファクチュアリングを設立，実用裁縫機械，家庭用ミシンの製造販売を始めた。直販や月賦販売など新しい方式を取入れた販売政策が成功し，販路を海外に拡張，世界最大のミシン製造会社となった。 20世紀初めにはシンガーミシンは世界中で使用されるようになった。

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