Generally, in a dynamical system, a variable indicating an angle does not take on all values from 0 to 360 degrees, but oscillates within a certain range. It is a motion similar to the oscillation of a pendulum. An example is the libration of the Trojan asteroids, which stop at the apex of the equilateral triangle formed by the Sun and Jupiter. The moon always faces the earth with the same face, but when seen from the earth, it appears to sway up and down and side to side. This is the libration of the moon, which can be broadly divided into optical libration and physical libration. The former occurs because the moon does not move in a uniform circular motion around the earth, and the equatorial plane of the moon's rotation axis does not coincide with the plane of the moon's orbit, and its magnitude reaches about 7 degrees (1 degree is an angle that is 1/360 of a circumference = 360 degrees) and occurs approximately every 27 days. The latter occurs when the moon's rotation speed and axis change due to the gravitational force of the earth and sun. The magnitude of physical libration is smaller than optical libration, at a few minutes of an arc (1 minute is an angle that is 1/60 of a degree). The correct word for libration is "shoudou", but it is commonly pronounced "hyodou" because it is confusingly similar to "nutation". [Naoaki Owaki] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般に力学系においてある角度を示す変数が0~360度のすべての値をとりえず、ある一定の範囲内にとどまって振動する現象をいう。振り子の振動のような運動である。実例として、トロヤ群小惑星が太陽と木星とでつくる正三角形の頂点あたりに止まって秤動していることがあげられる。 月はいつも同じ面を地球に向けているが、地球から見ると上下左右に揺れ動いているように見える。これが月の秤動で、光学秤動と物理秤動に大別できる。前者は月が地球の周りを等速円運動をしていないこと、月の自転軸の赤道面と月の軌道面が一致していないことなどのためにおこり、その大きさは約7度角(1度は円周=360度の360分の1の角度)にも達し、ほぼ27日周期で生じる。後者は地球や太陽の引力の作用のために月の自転速度や自転軸が変化しておこる。物理秤動の大きさは光学秤動に比べて小さく数分角(1分は1度の60分の1の角度)である。なお、秤動は正しくは「しょうどう」であるが、「章動(しょうどう)」と紛らわしく、一般に秤動(ひょうどう)と発音する。 [大脇直明] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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