Originally, the term was used in herbal medicine in the Edo period to refer to birds that wade into shallow water to feed there. This is a classification based on ecology, and does not necessarily correspond to today's groupings based on phylogenetic classification. It included large birds such as cranes, herons, ibises, and storks, as well as small snipes and plovers. It is believed that rails were not included. After the Meiji period, the term was applied in various ways to the taxonomic groups introduced from the West. Even today, its usage is not stable, but it seems to have gradually moved away from its traditional ecological usage and come to refer to shorebirds in the taxonomic system. There is no word in English that corresponds to the ecological classification of wading birds. The word for snipes and plovers is wader in the UK, but shore bird in North America, and wader in North America refers to large herons and storks (birds of the order Ciconiiformes). In any case, it seems that crane is no longer included in these English words. [Masaaki Uramoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本来は江戸時代の本草(ほんぞう)学などで使われたことばで、浅い水中に歩み入ってそこで採食する鳥たちをさすものであった。これは生態による分類であり、今日の系統分類によるグループとはかならずしも一致しない。そこには大形のツル、サギ、トキ、コウノトリと、小形のシギ、チドリとが含まれていた。クイナ類はおそらく含まれていなかったと思われる。 明治以後になると、西欧から入ってきた系統分類グループにこのことばはさまざまに適用されてきた。現在でもその用法はまだ安定していないが、古来の生態分類的用法からしだいに離れて、系統分類上のシギ・チドリ類をさすものになってきたようである。 英語では生態分類としての渉禽にあたることばはない。シギ・チドリ類をさすことばは、イギリスではwaderであるが、北アメリカではshore birdであり、北アメリカでwaderという場合は大形のサギ、コウノトリ類(コウノトリ目の鳥)をさしている。いずれにしてもツルはこれらの英語には含まれなくなったようである。 [浦本昌紀] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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