Born: May 3, 1849, Kleinfrodbek Died: October 28, 1929. Rome German politician and diplomat. In 1874 he joined the German Foreign Ministry and served in embassies in Rome, Vienna, and elsewhere. In 1888 he became minister to Bucharest, in 1893 he became ambassador to Rome, and in 1897 he became foreign minister. In 1900 he succeeded C. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst as chancellor of the Empire and prime minister of Prussia. He was strongly influenced by F. Holstein in foreign policy and promoted Wilhelm II's global policy. However, in carrying out the 3B policy, he first clashed with Britain, which prevented him from advancing into the Middle East, and in the Moroccan crisis of 1905-1906 he failed to push through his claims. In 1908 he supported Austria in the issue of Austria's annexation of Bosnia, which displeased Russia, and then he tried to improve relations with Britain, but failed to prevent A. Tirpitz's expansion of the navy, leading to Germany's international isolation. In domestic affairs, he was unable to resolve the most important issues, such as the relationship between the Empire and Prussia and the reform of the electoral law. In 1909, he proposed a tax increase, but resigned after it was opposed by the emperor, the Conservative Party, the Center Party, and others. In 1914, he was sent to Rome as an ambassador plenipotentiary, and tried to neutralize Italy, but to no avail. He wrote the Memoirs (Denkwürdigkeiten) (4 volumes, 1930-31). Bureau |
[生]1849.5.3. クラインフロトベク [没]1929.10.28. ローマ ドイツの政治家,外交官。 1874年ドイツ外務省に入り,ローマ,ウィーンなどの大使館に勤めた。 88年ブカレスト駐在公使,93年ローマ駐在大使,97年外相,1900年 C.ホーエンローエ=シリングスフュルストの跡を継いで帝国宰相,プロシア首相となった。外交政策については F.ホルシュタインの強い影響を受け,ウィルヘルム2世の世界政策を推進した。しかし3B政策の遂行にあたってまずイギリスと衝突して中東進出を阻止され,05~06年のモロッコ危機ではその主張を押し通すことに失敗。 08年のオーストリアのボスニア併合問題ではオーストリアを支持してロシアの不興を買い,次いでイギリスとの関係改善をはかったが,A.ティルピッツによる海軍拡張を阻止できずに失敗するなど,ドイツの国際的孤立化を招いた。内政面でも最も重要な帝国とプロシアの関係や選挙法改正などの問題を解決できなかった。 09年増税案を提出したが,皇帝,保守党,中央党などに反対され辞任。 14年全権大使としてローマに派遣されイタリアの中立化に努力したが実らなかった。著書『回想録』 Denkwürdigkeiten (4巻,1930~31) 。 ビューロー
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