Bülow, Bernhard Heinrich, Fürst von

Japanese: ビューロー(英語表記)Bülow, Bernhard Heinrich, Fürst von
Bülow, Bernhard Heinrich, Fürst von
Born: May 3, 1849, Kleinfrodbek
Died: October 28, 1929. Rome German politician and diplomat. In 1874 he joined the German Foreign Ministry and served in embassies in Rome, Vienna, and elsewhere. In 1888 he became minister to Bucharest, in 1893 he became ambassador to Rome, and in 1897 he became foreign minister. In 1900 he succeeded C. Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst as chancellor of the Empire and prime minister of Prussia. He was strongly influenced by F. Holstein in foreign policy and promoted Wilhelm II's global policy. However, in carrying out the 3B policy, he first clashed with Britain, which prevented him from advancing into the Middle East, and in the Moroccan crisis of 1905-1906 he failed to push through his claims. In 1908 he supported Austria in the issue of Austria's annexation of Bosnia, which displeased Russia, and then he tried to improve relations with Britain, but failed to prevent A. Tirpitz's expansion of the navy, leading to Germany's international isolation. In domestic affairs, he was unable to resolve the most important issues, such as the relationship between the Empire and Prussia and the reform of the electoral law. In 1909, he proposed a tax increase, but resigned after it was opposed by the emperor, the Conservative Party, the Center Party, and others. In 1914, he was sent to Rome as an ambassador plenipotentiary, and tried to neutralize Italy, but to no avail. He wrote the Memoirs (Denkwürdigkeiten) (4 volumes, 1930-31).

Bureau
Bülow, Hans (Guido, Freiherr) von

Born: January 8, 1830 in Dresden
[Died] February 12, 1894, Cairo German conductor and pianist. He studied piano with F. Beek and Liszt, and conducting with Wagner and K. Ritter. In 1857 he married Liszt's daughter Cosima, and in 1864 he became the Kapellmeister at the court of Ludwig II in Munich, where he premiered Wagner's works, including Tristan and Isolde (1865). However, in 1870, Cosima left him to be with Wagner. Bülow continued to introduce Wagner's works, conducting in Hannover from 1877 to 1880 and in Meiningen from 1880 to 1885.

Bureau
Bülow von Dennewitz, Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf

Born: February 16, 1755 in Falkenberg
Died: February 25, 1816. Königsberg. Prussian military officer. Participated in the War of Liberation, and was Governor of East and West Prussia in 1812. Defeated the French at Grossleben and Dennewitz in 1813, and was a factor in the victory of Leipzig. In 1814, he drove out the French forces in the Netherlands and Belgium, invaded France from the northwest, and was given the title of Count of Dennewitz in the same year. In 1815, as the commander of a corps in Blücher's army, he attacked Napoleon's army from the flank at the Battle of Waterloo, and was the main reason for its defeat. After the war, he became the commander of the Königsberg fortress.

Bureau
Bülow, Dietrich Adam Heinrich, Baron von

Born: 1757. Falkenberg
[Died] 1807. Riga German, Prussian soldier and military writer. Brother of General F. Bülow. Joined the army in 1773, was arrested for criticizing the organization of the Prussian army, and later died in prison in the hands of the Russian army. His main works are Geist des neueren Kriegssystem (The Spirit of the Modern Military System) (1799) and Lehrsätze des neueren Kriegs (Lehrsätze des neueren Kriegs) (1805).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1849.5.3. クラインフロトベク
[没]1929.10.28. ローマ
ドイツの政治家,外交官。 1874年ドイツ外務省に入り,ローマ,ウィーンなどの大使館に勤めた。 88年ブカレスト駐在公使,93年ローマ駐在大使,97年外相,1900年 C.ホーエンローエ=シリングスフュルストの跡を継いで帝国宰相,プロシア首相となった。外交政策については F.ホルシュタインの強い影響を受け,ウィルヘルム2世の世界政策を推進した。しかし3B政策の遂行にあたってまずイギリスと衝突して中東進出を阻止され,05~06年のモロッコ危機ではその主張を押し通すことに失敗。 08年のオーストリアのボスニア併合問題ではオーストリアを支持してロシアの不興を買い,次いでイギリスとの関係改善をはかったが,A.ティルピッツによる海軍拡張を阻止できずに失敗するなど,ドイツの国際的孤立化を招いた。内政面でも最も重要な帝国とプロシアの関係や選挙法改正などの問題を解決できなかった。 09年増税案を提出したが,皇帝,保守党,中央党などに反対され辞任。 14年全権大使としてローマに派遣されイタリアの中立化に努力したが実らなかった。著書『回想録』 Denkwürdigkeiten (4巻,1930~31) 。

ビューロー
Bülow, Hans (Guido, Freiherr) von

[生]1830.1.8. ドレスデン
[没]1894.2.12. カイロ
ドイツの指揮者,ピアニスト。ピアノを F.ビークとリストに学び,ワーグナーや K.リッターのもとで指揮を学んだ。 1857年にリストの娘コジマと結婚,64年ミュンヘンのルートウィヒ2世の宮廷楽長となり,『トリスタンとイゾルデ』 (1865) などワーグナーの作品の初演をしたが,70年妻コジマはワーグナーのもとに去った。ビューローはその後もワーグナーの作品を紹介し,77~80年にはハノーバー,80~85年にはマイニンゲンで指揮した。

ビューロー
Bülow von Dennewitz, Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf

[生]1755.2.16. ファルケンベルク
[没]1816.2.25. ケーニヒスベルク
ドイツ,プロシアの軍人。解放戦争に参加,1812年東・西プロシア長官。 13年グロースレーベン,デネウィッツでフランス軍を破り,ライプチヒの勝利の一因をなした。 14年オランダ,ベルギーのフランス軍を駆逐して北西方面からフランスに侵攻,同年デネウィッツ伯の称号を得た。 15年ワーテルローの会戦ではブリュッヒャー軍の一軍団長としてナポレオン軍の側面を突き,その敗北の主因をなした。戦後ケーニヒスベルク要塞司令官。

ビューロー
Bülow, Dietrich Adam Heinrich, Baron von

[生]1757. ファルケンベルク
[没]1807. リガ
ドイツ,プロシアの軍人,軍事著作家。 F.ビューロー将軍の弟。 1773年に陸軍に入り,プロシア軍の組織を非難したために捕われ,後日ロシア軍の手中に陥り獄死した。主著『近代軍制の精神』 Geist des neueren Kriegssystem (1799) ,『近代軍制の教則』 Lehrsätze des neueren Kriegs (1805) 。

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