A city in southeastern Texas, United States. An inland port connected to the open sea by a canal. Located on the Gulf Coast, it is the center of the US space development. Settlement began in 1826, and it was the capital of the Republic of Texas from 1837 to 1839. During the Civil War, it was occupied by the Union Army for a time. In 1891, 12 railroads converged, and it developed as a railroad transportation center. The port was also developed and became the largest in the state. Oil was discovered in the surrounding area in 1901, and it developed rapidly in the 1920s. With the construction of the Houston Ship Canal from 1940 to 1960, it became one of the three largest ports in the United States in the 1980s. Currently, oil and natural gas-related industries are concentrated here, forming a large-scale oil refining region. Space development also began in the 1960s, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space flight control center is located here. The surrounding area of the city is a major producer of rice, cotton, and cattle. There are many universities in the city, including Rice University (founded in 1912) and the University of Houston (founded in 27), and it is also home to the Oceanographic Institute, the Texas Medical Center, the Natural Science Museum, and the Cultural Center, making it a center of education and culture. There is an international airport, and the Astrodome, where football and baseball games are played, and the theme park Astroworld are famous. Population: 2,099,451 (2010). Houston |
アメリカ合衆国,テキサス州南東部の都市。運河によって外洋に通じる内陸港。メキシコ湾岸平野に位置し,アメリカの宇宙開発事業の中心地。 1826年入植が始り,37~39年にはテキサス共和国の首都となった。南北戦争のとき,一時北軍に占拠された。 91年に 12本の鉄道が集中,鉄道交通の中心として発達。港も整備されて同州第一となった。 1901年周辺で石油が発見され,20年代に飛躍的に発展。 40~60年ヒューストン船舶運河の開削に伴い,80年代には合衆国三大港の一つとなった。現在,石油と天然ガスの関連産業が集積し,大規模な製油地帯を形成。また宇宙開発事業は 60年代に興り,アメリカ航空宇宙局 NASAの宇宙飛行管制センターがある。市の周辺は米,綿花,ウシの大産地である。ライス大学 (1912創立) ,ヒューストン大学 (27創立) など多くの大学があり,海洋学協会,テキサス医学センター,自然科学博物館,文化センターなどが所在し,教育と文化の中心でもある。国際空港があり,フットボールと野球が行われるアストロドーム,テーマパークであるアストロワールドは有名。人口 209万9451(2010)。
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