Houston (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒューストン(英語表記)Houston
Houston (English spelling)
A city in southeastern Texas, United States. An inland port connected to the open sea by a canal. Located on the Gulf Coast, it is the center of the US space development. Settlement began in 1826, and it was the capital of the Republic of Texas from 1837 to 1839. During the Civil War, it was occupied by the Union Army for a time. In 1891, 12 railroads converged, and it developed as a railroad transportation center. The port was also developed and became the largest in the state. Oil was discovered in the surrounding area in 1901, and it developed rapidly in the 1920s. With the construction of the Houston Ship Canal from 1940 to 1960, it became one of the three largest ports in the United States in the 1980s. Currently, oil and natural gas-related industries are concentrated here, forming a large-scale oil refining region. Space development also began in the 1960s, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space flight control center is located here. The surrounding area of ​​the city is a major producer of rice, cotton, and cattle. There are many universities in the city, including Rice University (founded in 1912) and the University of Houston (founded in 27), and it is also home to the Oceanographic Institute, the Texas Medical Center, the Natural Science Museum, and the Cultural Center, making it a center of education and culture. There is an international airport, and the Astrodome, where football and baseball games are played, and the theme park Astroworld are famous. Population: 2,099,451 (2010).

Houston
Houston, Sam (Samuel)

Born March 2, 1793 in Lexington, Virginia.
[Died] July 26, 1863. Huntsville, Texas. American soldier and politician. President of the Republic of Texas (in office 1836-38, 1841-44). In 1813 he joined the army and served in the Creek War under the command of A. Jackson. He retired in 1818. He studied law and opened a practice in Tennessee. He later served as a member of the Tennessee State Legislature (1823-27) and as governor (1827-29). In 1832 he went to Texas to deal with trade issues with the Indians, and became involved in the conflict between Texas and Mexico. In 1835 he became commander of the Texas Army during the Texas War of Independence, defeating the Mexican Army. He then became president of the Republic of Texas. After Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, he served as a U.S. Senator (1846-59) and Governor of Texas (1859-61). During the American Civil War, he refused to pledge allegiance to the Confederacy as a Federalist and resigned from office.

Houston
Huston, John

Born: August 5, 1906 in Missouri, Nevada
[Died] August 28, 1987. Newport, Rhode Island. American film director, screenwriter, and actor. His father was Walter Huston. He made his directorial debut in 1941 with Maltese Falcon. He subsequently achieved success with his hard-boiled style of work. His major works include The Treasure of Sierra Madre (1948, Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay and Best Director), The African Queen (52), Moby Dick (56), and The Misfits (61).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アメリカ合衆国,テキサス州南東部の都市。運河によって外洋に通じる内陸港。メキシコ湾岸平野に位置し,アメリカの宇宙開発事業の中心地。 1826年入植が始り,37~39年にはテキサス共和国の首都となった。南北戦争のとき,一時北軍に占拠された。 91年に 12本の鉄道が集中,鉄道交通の中心として発達。港も整備されて同州第一となった。 1901年周辺で石油が発見され,20年代に飛躍的に発展。 40~60年ヒューストン船舶運河の開削に伴い,80年代には合衆国三大港の一つとなった。現在,石油と天然ガスの関連産業が集積し,大規模な製油地帯を形成。また宇宙開発事業は 60年代に興り,アメリカ航空宇宙局 NASAの宇宙飛行管制センターがある。市の周辺は米,綿花,ウシの大産地である。ライス大学 (1912創立) ,ヒューストン大学 (27創立) など多くの大学があり,海洋学協会,テキサス医学センター,自然科学博物館,文化センターなどが所在し,教育と文化の中心でもある。国際空港があり,フットボールと野球が行われるアストロドーム,テーマパークであるアストロワールドは有名。人口 209万9451(2010)。

ヒューストン
Houston, Sam (Samuel)

[生]1793.3.2. バージニア,レキシントン
[没]1863.7.26. テキサス,ハンツビル
アメリカの軍人,政治家。テキサス共和国の大統領 (在任 1836~38,41~44) 。 1813年軍隊に入り,A.ジャクソンの指揮下でクリーク戦争に従軍。 18年に退役。法律を学びテネシーで弁護士を開業。のちテネシー州議会議員 (1823~27) ,州知事 (27~29) となった。 32年インディアンとの交易問題からテキサスにおもむき,テキサスとメキシコとの争いに関係,35年テキサス独立戦争に際しテキサス軍の司令官となり,メキシコ軍を破った。次いでテキサス共和国大統領に就任。 45年テキサスがアメリカに併合されたのちは,連邦上院議員 (46~59) ,テキサス州知事 (59~61) をつとめた。南北戦争に際しては,連邦主義者として,南部連合に対する忠誠宣誓を拒否し,職を辞した。

ヒューストン
Huston, John

[生]1906.8.5. ミズーリ,ネバダ
[没]1987.8.28. ロードアイランド,ニューポート
アメリカの映画監督,脚本家,俳優。父はウォルター・ヒューストン。 1941年『マルタの鷹』 Maltese Falconで監督としてデビュー。以後,ハードボイルド・タッチの作風で成功した。主要作品『黄金』 The Treasure of Sierra Madre (1948,アカデミー脚本賞,監督賞) ,『アフリカの女王』 The African Queen (52) ,『白鯨』 Moby Dick (56) ,『荒馬と女』 The Misfits (61) 。

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