A method of bombarding a sample with neutrons or high-energy charged particles, etc., to induce nuclear reactions in certain nuclides in the sample, making the sample radioactive, and analyzing the original elements from the type, energy, half-life, and radiation intensity of the radiation from the resulting nuclides. This analytical method is highly sensitive, is generally rapid, and is simple to operate, regardless of the chemical form of the element. Qualitative and quantitative analysis is often performed non-destructively using a gamma-ray spectrometer without chemical separation. In a nuclear reactor with a thermal neutron flux density of 10 13 n cm -2 s -1 , the analytical sensitivity for one hour of irradiation is on the order of 10 -7 μg for Dy and Eu, 10 -6 μg for Mn and In, 10 -5 μg for Co, Rh, Ir, and Au, and 10 -4 μg for Ar, Cu, As, Pd, Ag, I, and Na. Other methods include bombarding the sample with protons, deuterons, alpha particles, or heavy ion particles from an accelerator; using neutrons from a 14 MeV neutron generator; or activation analysis using neutrons from 252Cf . Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
試料に中性子,高エネルギー荷電粒子などを衝撃し,試料中のある核種に原子核反応を起こさせ,試料を放射性のものとし,生成核種からの放射線の種類,エネルギー,半減期,および放射線強度から,もとの元素を分析する方法.分析方法として,感度が高く,元素の化学形に関係なく,一般に迅速で,操作が簡単である.化学分離操作を行わず,非破壊でγ線スペクトロメーターにより定性・定量分析を行うことが多い.熱中性子束密度 1013 n cm-2 s-1 の原子炉で,1時間照射するときの分析感度は,Dy,Euで 10-7 μg,Mn,Inで 10-6 μg,Co,Rh,Ir,Auで 10-5 μg,Ar,Cu,As,Pd,Ag,I,Naで 10-4 μg のオーダーである.加速器の陽子,重陽子,α粒子,重イオン粒子などで試料を衝撃する方法,14 MeV の中性子発生装置からの中性子を用いる方法,あるいは 252Cf からの中性子を利用する放射化分析法も行われている. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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