achetype

… Before the theory of evolution appeared, comparative anatomy of animals was important in natural history as a kind of typology, and even then, the pursuit of the identity of organs was a central issue. Comparisons of “organisms” were made based on the elucidation of the structures of various organisms, and attempts were often made to conceptually pursue a general “archetype” of each group of organisms. In the 1840s, the British comparative anatomist R. Owen was the first to distinguish between the concepts of homology and resemblance, but at that time the concept of homology was merely an identity from the perspective of anatomical and embryological science, and there was no rational explanatory principle that linked various living organisms and connected living organisms with fossil organisms. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "achetype" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　進化論が現れる前には，動物の比較解剖学は一種の類型学として博物学のなかで重きをなしていたが，その時代にも器官の同一性の追究は中心的な問題であった。諸種の生物の構造の解明に基づいて〈体制〉の比較が行われ，そのうえ各生物群の一般的な〈原型achetype〉を観念的に追究する試みがしばしば行われた。1840年代になって，イギリスの比較解剖学者R.オーエンが相同と相似の概念を初めて区別したが，そのころの相同の概念は解剖学および発生学からみた同一性にすぎず，諸種の現存生物をつなぎ合わせ，現存生物と化石生物を結びつける合理的な説明原理は存在しなかった。…

※「achetype」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報