Kyoei

Japanese: 京衛 - きょうえい
Kyoei

…The Thousand Household Offices and the Hundred Household Offices were established to oversee the troops of one state, while the Wei were established to oversee the troops of several states. The Wei were divided into the Jingwei, which was responsible for the defense of the capital city, the Jingshi, and the Outer Guards, which were established at key points in the local states. In particular, the Wei soldiers from Zhongdu (Fengyang, Anhui Province), Shandong, Henan, and Daning took turns to serve the Jingshi every year (Bangun Banjo). In 1393 (Hongwu 26), the number of Wei was 17 Dusi and 329 Inner and Outer Guards, but this increased and decreased throughout the Ming Dynasty, and from the mid-Ming period onwards, soldiers began to desert frequently due to the use of soldiers by high-ranking officials, so the Wei system was significantly relaxed and the military became more private.

From [Ming]

…The basic unit of the military was the Wei, which consisted of 5,000 households and had a standard manpower of 5,600. Those stationed in the capital were called the Jingwei, and of these, 26 were parent troops directly under the emperor, known as the Shangzhiwei. Among these was the Jinyiwei, which performed special police duties and even had a prison. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Keiei" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…そして千戸所,百戸所は1府州の兵を統轄し,衛は数府州の兵を統轄する場合に置かれた。この衛所は首都京師の防衛にあたる京衛と地方府州の要衝に置かれた外衛に分かれ,とくに中都(安徽省鳳陽),山東,河南,大寧などの衛所兵は毎年,輪番で京師におもむいた(班軍番上)。衛所数は1393年(洪武26)には都司17,内外衛329であったが,明代を通じて増減があり,また中期以降,高官による兵士の使役などにより兵士の逃亡などがはげしく,衛所制はいちじるしく弛緩し,軍隊の私兵化が進行した。…

【明】より

…軍隊の基本的な単位は衛で,5千戸所から成り,基準定員は5600人である。首都に駐屯するものを京衛といい,そのうち26衛は皇帝に直属する親軍で,上直衛と称せられる。この中には,特高警察的な業務を行い刑獄をも備えた錦衣衛が含まれる。…

※「京衛」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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