French romantic poet and novelist. Born in Loches, a town on a tributary of the Loire River, to a provincial aristocracy that fell into ruin during the French Revolution, he soon moved to Paris and settled there. At first, like many boys of his time, he was intoxicated by the glory of Napoleon and aspired to become a soldier, but by the time he joined the army, the era of Napoleon had already ended and the Restoration era had begun. He became disgusted with the monotonous and pointless military life of that era and turned his attention to literature. In 1820, he met Hugo, who invited him to start writing poetry, and in 1826 he published Poèmes antiques et modernes (Collection of Poems from Ancient and Modern Times). Among these, Le Cor, which he wrote in memory of the legend of Rolland in the Pyrenees, and Moïse, which takes as its subject the Book of Exodus from the Old Testament and sings of the loneliness of genius, one of the themes of romantic literature, are outstanding. He also began to write novels around this time, publishing "Saint-Mare" (1826), "Stello" (1832), and "Les Armes et Grandes" (1835). "Saint-Mare" describes the conspiracy and failure of the nobleman Saint-Mare, who was defeated by Richelieu, who represented political power, while "Stello" questions the confrontation between poets and society, arguing that poets should separate their poetic life from their political life and fulfill their mission in solitude. In "Les Armes et Grandes", he looks back on his military life and describes the misery of low-ranking soldiers crushed under the glamour of things, and the greatness of soldiers who silently fulfill their duties. "Chatterton" (1835), a dramatization of part of "Stello", was a successful romantic play, with the performance of actress Marie Dorval (1798-1849). [Kazunori Matsushita] Poetry in seclusionAfter that, the emotional scars of his love affair with Dorval and its breakup caused him to withdraw from the literary world, only occasionally publishing poems in the journal Les Études du Monde. In these poems, he reached the point where he believed that women betray men (La Colère de Samson), that nature offers no comfort to man (La Maison du berger), that God only keeps cold, eternal silence towards human suffering (Le Mont des Oliviers), and finally that man should die without hating anyone, with honor as the highest ideal (La Mort du loup). Although the number of these poems is small, they are all gems of poetry, and were collected posthumously in a volume titled Les Fates in 1864. This collection of philosophical poems has made his name immortal among French romantic poets. His diary was published posthumously under the title "Diary of a Poet" (Le Journal d'un poète) (1867). [Kazunori Matsushita] "Military Obedience and Greatness" translated by Matsushita Kazunori (included in World Literature Series 25, 1960, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "Saint-Mare" translated by Matsushita Kazunori (included in World Literature Collection 18, 1967, Chikuma Shobo)" ▽ "Fate" translated by Hiraoka Noboru (included in World Famous Poetry Collection 2, 1960, Heibonsha)" ▽ "Alfred de Vigny by Otsuka Yukio (1971, Hakusuisha)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス、ロマン派の詩人、小説家。フランス革命で没落した地方貴族の出身で、ロアール川の支流に面したロシュで生まれたが、まもなくパリに出て、定住した。初め、同時代の少年たちと同じように、ナポレオンの栄光に酔って、軍人を志したが、彼が軍隊に入ったときには、すでにナポレオンの時代は終わり、復古王政時代になっていた。この時代の単調でくだらない軍隊生活に嫌気を感じて、文学に心を向け始めた。1820年ユゴーと知り合い、彼に誘われて詩をつくり始め、26年『古今詩集』Poèmes antiques et modernesを発表した。このなかでは、ピレネー山中でロランの伝説をしのんでつくった『角笛(つのぶえ)』Le Corや、『旧約聖書』の「出エジプト記」に題材をとり、ロマン主義文学のテーマの一つである天才の孤独を歌った『モーゼ』Moïseが優れている。 また、このころから小説を書き始め『サン・マール』(1826)、『ステロ』Stello(1832)、『軍隊の屈従と偉大』(1835)を発表した。『サン・マール』では、政治権力を代表するリシュリューに向かって敗れた貴族サン・マールの陰謀とその挫折(ざせつ)を描き、『ステロ』では、詩人は、詩的生活を政治生活から切り離し、孤独に自己の使命を果たすべきであるとして、詩人と社会との対決を問い、『軍隊の屈従と偉大』では、自分の軍隊生活を回顧して、華やかなものの下に押しつぶされた下級兵士の惨めさと、黙々として自分の義務を果たしている兵士の偉大さを描いた。また、『ステロ』の一部を劇化して上演した『チャタートン』Chatterton(1835)は、ロマン派の演劇として、女優ドルバルMarie Dorval(1798―1849)の演技と相まって成功したものである。 [松下和則] 隠棲のなかの詩作その後は、ドルバルとの恋愛とその破局とで受けた心の傷が転機となって、文壇から遠ざかり、ときおり『両世界評論』誌上に詩を発表するだけであった。これらの詩のなかで、彼は、女性は男性を裏切り(『サムソンの怒り』La Colère de Samson)、自然も人間に慰めを与えず(『牧人の家』La Maison du berger)、神も人間の苦悩に対して冷ややかで永遠の沈黙を守るだけであり(『オリーブの山』Le Mont des Oliviers)、ついに人間は、名誉を最高の理想として、だれをも憎まず死んでゆくべきである(『狼(おおかみ)の死』La Mort du loup)という境地に達したのである。これらの詩の数は少ないが、いずれも珠玉の詩片で、死後1864年、『運命』と題して一巻にまとめられた。この哲学詩集によって、彼の名はフランス・ロマン主義詩人のなかで不朽の光を放っている。なお遺稿として、『詩人の日記』Le Journal d'un poète(1867)と題されて日記が出版されている。 [松下和則] 『松下和則訳『軍隊の屈従と偉大』(『世界文学大系25』所収・1960・筑摩書房)』▽『松下和則訳『サン・マール』(『世界文学全集18』所収・1967・筑摩書房)』▽『平岡昇訳『運命』(『世界名詩集大成2』所収・1960・平凡社)』▽『大塚幸男著『アルフレッド・ド・ヴィニ』(1971・白水社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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