Born: January 11, 1842 in New York [Died] August 26, 1910, Chocorua, New Hampshire American philosopher, psychologist, and leader of pragmatism. Brother of novelist H. James. Entered Harvard University's School of Science in 1861, and later transferred to the medical school. Studied in Germany from 1867 to 1868, and was influenced by French philosopher C. Renouvier and others, and became interested in psychology and philosophy. Graduated in 1869, he obtained his degree, but did not open a practice, spending his time recuperating and reading. In 1872, he became a lecturer in physiology at Harvard University. Later, he switched to psychology, teaching physiological psychology rather than the traditional science of thought, and making a great contribution to experimental psychology. He also held the German psychologist C. Stumpf in high regard. He went on to study religion and ethical phenomena, and then entered the study of philosophy. His position was based on fundamental empiricism. He also became interested in psychical science from around 1882, and served as the first president of the American Society for Psychical Research. His major works include The Principles of Psychology (1890), The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (97), The Varieties of Religious Experience (1901-2), Pragmatism (07), and Essays in Radical Empiricism (12). James |
[生]1842.1.11. ニューヨーク [没]1910.8.26. ニューハンプシャー,チョコルア アメリカの哲学者,心理学者,いわゆるプラグマティズムの指導者。小説家 H.ジェームズの兄。 1861年ハーバード大学理学部へ入学,のち同大学の医学部へ移籍。 67~68年ドイツに留学し,フランスの哲学者 C.ルヌービエなどの影響を受け,心理学,哲学に心をひかれた。 69年卒業,学位を得たが開業せず,療養と読書に過した。 72年ハーバード大学生理学講師。のち心理学に転じ,伝統的な思考の学としてではなく生理心理学を講じ,実験心理学に大きな貢献をした。また,ドイツの心理学者 C.シュトゥンプを高く評価。さらに宗教,倫理現象の研究に進み,その後哲学の研究に入った。その立場は根本的経験論に基づく。そのほか,82年頃から心霊学に興味をもち,アメリカ心霊研究協会の初代会長をつとめた。主著『心理学原理』 The Principles of Psychology (1890) ,『信ずる意志』 The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy (97) ,『宗教的経験の諸相』 The Varieties of Religious Experience (1901~2) ,『プラグマティズム』 Pragmatism (07) ,『根本経験論』 Essays in Radical Empiricism (12) 。 ジェームズ
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