A galaxy that emits stronger radio waves than normal galaxies. In the late 1940s, during the early days of radio astronomy, about 100 point-like radio sources were discovered one after another, and searches (identification) of corresponding optical objects were conducted throughout the 1950s. As a result, it was discovered that these were supernova remnants and hydrogen ionized regions within the Milky Way, as well as relatively distant galaxies. These were named after the constellations to which they belong, such as A, B, etc., in order of the strength of their radio waves, and Cygnus A, Virgo A, and Centaurus A were known for some time. Since then, searches and optical identification of even weaker radio sources have continued. In terms of optical classification, most galaxies are elliptical, but there are also galaxies with particularly bright central regions and galaxies with unusual shapes. The boundary between them and normal galaxies is not very clear, and the standard is a radio emission energy of 10 40 ergs per second. The spatial distribution of radio intensity has little to do with the optical shape, and a typical example is a dumbbell-shaped dual structure that extends millions of light years in both directions from the galaxy, such as Cygnus A. Galaxies that belong to galaxy clusters often have a curved, streamed dual structure. The mechanism for radio wave emission is synchrotron radiation, which is emitted when high-energy electrons ejected from the nucleus of a galaxy become wrapped around a magnetic field. Furthermore, the strong radiation energy, in conjunction with distant quasars, is thought to provide clues to the structure of the universe, the formation process of galaxies, and their activity. In the mid-1970s, it was also believed that massive black holes exist in the nuclei of these galaxies. [Masaru Inoue] "Cosmic Radio Astronomy" by Akabane Kenji, Kaifu Nobuo, and Tahara Hiroto (1988, Kyoritsu Shuppan) " ▽ "Galaxies and the Universe as Seen through Radio Waves" by Sobue Yoshiaki (1988, Kyoritsu Shuppan)" ▽ "The Science of the Galaxy" by Oobi Nobuya (1989, NHK Publishing)" ▽ "The Evolution of the Universe as Told by Galaxies" by Ie Masanori (1992, Baifukan)" ▽ "From Stars to Galaxies -- Herschel's Garden" by Heinz R. Pagel, translated by Kuroboshi Eiichi (1993, Chijin Shokan)" ▽ "The Mysterious Story of Galaxies -- Galaxies Make No Exceptions" by Taniguchi Yoshiaki (2000, Shokabo)" ▽ "The Universe of Radio Waves" by Maeda Koichiro (2002, Corona Publishing)" ▽ "Space Exploration -- That's what I want to know! by Fujii Akira The Secret of the Universe (2002, Kaiseisha) [References] | | |Galactic | | | | | | | | | |An elliptical galaxy in Virgo. NGC4486 (M87). It is the central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster. Photographed by the Murikabushi Telescope at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory © National Astronomical Observatory of Japan "> Virgo A A radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus. NGC5128. A black band (dark nebula) crosses the center of the galaxy. Photographed with the Murikabushi Telescope at Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory © National Astronomical Observatory of Japan "> Centaurus A Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
通常の銀河に比べて電波を強く出している銀河をいう。1940年代後半、電波天文学の初期に点状電波源が相次いで100個ほど発見され、1950年代にかけて対応する光学天体の探索(同定)が行われた。その結果、これらのものは銀河系内の超新星の残骸(ざんがい)や電離水素領域などのほか、比較的遠方の銀河であることがわかった。これらは属する星座名にA、Bなど、電波の強い順に名がつけられ、はくちょう座A、おとめ座A、ケンタウルス座Aなどが早くから知られている。その後もさらに弱い電波源の探査と光学同定が続けられている。 光学的な分類では、大部分が楕円(だえん)銀河で、そのほか中心領域がとくに明るい銀河、特異な型をした銀河などがある。通常の銀河との境界はあまり明確ではなく、電波の放射エネルギーが毎秒1040エルグを目安にしている。 電波の空間的な強度分布は光学的な形とはほとんど関連なく、はくちょう座Aのように銀河から双方向に亜鈴(あれい)型に数百万光年広がった双対型構造が典型的な例である。銀河団に属する銀河では、双対型構造が吹き流され、曲がっている型のものが多い。 電波の放射機構は、銀河の中心核から吹き出た高エネルギー電子が磁場に巻き付いた場合に出すシンクロトロン放射である。さらに放射エネルギーが強く、遠方にある準星(クエーサー)などとの関連で、宇宙の構造や、銀河の形成過程、活動性などについて解明の手掛りを与えるものと考えられている。また、1970年代の中ごろには、これら銀河の中心核には巨大ブラック・ホールが存在すると考えられるようになってきた。 [井上 允] 『赤羽賢司・海部宣男・田原博人著『宇宙電波天文学』(1988・共立出版)』▽『祖父江義明著『電波でみる銀河と宇宙』(1988・共立出版)』▽『小尾信彌著『銀河の科学』(1989・日本放送出版協会)』▽『家正則著『銀河が語る宇宙の進化』(1992・培風館)』▽『ハインツ・R・パージェル著、黒星瑩一訳『星から銀河へ――ハーシェルの庭』(1993・地人書館)』▽『谷口義明著『不思議な銀河の物語――銀河は例外をつくらない』(2000・裳華房)』▽『前田耕一郎著『電波の宇宙』(2002・コロナ社)』▽『藤井旭著『宇宙探検――そこが知りたい!宇宙の秘密』(2002・偕成社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | |おとめ座にある楕円銀河。NGC4486(M87)。おとめ座銀河団の中心銀河である。石垣島天文台むりかぶし望遠鏡により撮影©国立天文台"> おとめ座A ケンタウルス座にある電波銀河。NGC5128。黒い帯(暗黒星雲)が銀河中心部を横切っている。石垣島天文台むりかぶし望遠鏡により撮影©国立天文台"> ケンタウルス座A 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Electromagnetic wave absorber
Western-style painter. Born in Chofu, Yamaguchi P...
...The children are usually under 3 years old, an...
In physics, it is used in two ways: (1) Atomic va...
...Generally, it is a document that conveys the s...
…He defeated the Azraqi sect, a branch of the Kha...
…Cast iron refers to pig iron for pig casting or ...
…He was born in Buenos Aires and died there. He s...
〘 noun 〙 The act of manipulating a doll with one...
A collective term for Akamatsu Taro Pass, Sashiki ...
An administrative agency recommends that businesse...
…[Ueda Koichiro]. … *Some of the terminology that...
〘Noun〙① A disease in which water or gas accumulate...
The amount of rain (rainfall) or snow that falls ...
A marine fish belonging to the order Scorpaenifor...
…a legendary dynasty that is said to have been fo...