Hijra (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒジュラ(英語表記)Hijra
Hijra (English spelling)
Also called the Hijra, it generally refers to the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions to Medina in 622. Muhammad had been engaged in missionary work in his hometown of Mecca, but persecution became more severe after the death of his protector Abu Talib, and he considered migrating to a place other than Mecca. At that time, Medina was looking for a mediator in its civil war, and decided to welcome Muhammad as a mediator, and over 70 of Muhammad's companions were able to migrate there. After the Hijra, Muhammad unified Medina society as a Muslim society, conquered Mecca and the neighboring Arabs and Jews, and established an Islamic state. Since the Hijra was the catalyst for the development of Islam, the year of the Hijra was later made the beginning of the Islamic calendar. This Islamic calendar is also called the Hijra calendar. The people who migrated with Muhammad were called Muhajiroun, which became a kind of honorary title. The term Hijra also refers to the migration to Medina after Muhammad's Hijra, and the migration to military cities (→Misr) in various regions during the later period of great conquest. There are also many subsequent migrations of human groups associated with Muhammad's Hijra.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ヘジラともいい,一般にはイスラムの預言者ムハンマドと彼の教友たちの 622年のメジナへの移住をいう。ムハンマドは生れ故郷メッカで伝道活動に従事していたが,保護者アブー・ターリブの死で迫害が一層きびしくなったため,メッカ以外の地に移住することを考えていた。その頃内戦の調停者を求めていたメジナはムハンマドを調停者として迎えることに決め,ムハンマドの教友七十余名の移住が実現した。ヒジュラ後,ムハンマドはメジナ社会をイスラム教徒の社会として統合し,メッカをはじめ近隣のアラブやユダヤ教徒を征服してイスラム教団国家を建設した。イスラムの発展の契機となったのはこのヒジュラであったため,のちにヒジュラの年をイスラム暦の紀元とした。このイスラム暦をヒジュラ暦ともいう。ムハンマドとともに移住した人々はムハージルーンと呼ばれ,一種の名誉ある称号となった。ムハンマドのヒジュラ後にメジナに移住することや,のちの大征服時代に各地の軍事都市 (→ミスル ) に移住することもヒジュラといった。またその後ムハンマドのヒジュラにちなんだ人間集団の移住もしばしばみられる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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