Semi-voiced consonant - Handakuon

Japanese: 半濁音 - はんだくおん
Semi-voiced consonant - Handakuon
The name given to the consonants in the "pa" row. In contrast to the voiced and voiced consonants. Phonetically speaking, /p-/ is an unvoiced sound, and corresponds to the voiced sound /b-/ (in the "ba" row). However, in the history of Japanese, the phonological change of / * p-/>/h-/ occurred in the consonants in the "ha" row, and the relationship of / * p-/ vs. /b-/, which is voiceless vs. voiced, shifted to /h-/ vs. /b-/, which is clear vs. voiced. As a result, the consonants in the "pa" row (semi-voiced consonants) were borrowed from foreign countries to take the place of the vacant /p/ (excluding those after a double consonant or onomatopoeia). From this perspective, the name of the semi-voiced consonants also has a certain meaning. The symbol "◦" was originally a mark indicating the four voices of the clear consonants, but it was used as a semi-voiced consonant mark in Christian documents from the end of the Muromachi period.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
パ行音に与えられる名称。清音,濁音に対する。音声学的にいえば,/p-/ は無声音で,/b-/(バ行)の有声音に対するものであるが,日本語の歴史で,ハ行音に /*p-/>/h-/ の音韻変化が生じたために,無声対有声の /*p-/ 対 /b-/ が,清音対濁音の /h-/ 対 /b-/ の関係にずれてしまった。そのために,あきまになった /p/ の位置に外国からの借用語音として入ったのが,いまのパ行音(半濁音)である(促音のあとおよび擬声音を除く)。この観点からは,半濁音の名称もそれなりの意味をもつ。符号「◦」は,元来は清音の四声を示す印であったが,これを半濁音符として用いだしたのは室町時代末期のキリシタン資料からである。

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